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Michael A. Schwarzschild, M.D., PH.D.

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Overview

Research
research activities and funding
The research activities and funding listed below are automatically derived from NIH ExPORTER and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing items. Faculty can login to make corrections and additions.
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  1. U13NS103523 (SCHWARZSCHILD, MICHAEL A) Jul 1, 2017 - Jun 30, 2018
    NIH/NINDS
    2017 Parkinson Study Group Symposium and Training
    Role: Principal Investigator
  2. R13NS098746 (SCHWARZSCHILD, MICHAEL A) Aug 1, 2016 - Jul 31, 2017
    NIH/NINDS
    2016 Parkinson Study Group Symposium and Training
    Role: Principal Investigator
  3. (Michael Schwarzschild) Jan 1, 2016 - Dec 31, 2019
    Michael J. Fox Foundation
    Blood Sampling for Future Biomarker Research
  4. U01NS090259 (SCHWARZSCHILD, MICHAEL A) Sep 1, 2015 - Jun 30, 2020
    NIH/NINDS
    Phase 3 trial of inosine for Parkinson's disease CCC
    Role: Principal Investigator
  5. (Michael Schwarzschild) Nov 1, 2014 - Oct 31, 2017
    Target ALS
    Preclinical Foundation of Urate-Elevating Therapy for ALS
    Role: Principal Investigator

Featured Content

Bibliographic
selected publications
Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Faculty can login to make corrections and additions.
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  1. Kim IY, O'Reilly ÉJ, Hughes KC, Gao X, Schwarzschild MA, Hannan MT, Betensky RA, Ascherio A. Integration of risk factors for Parkinson disease in 2 large longitudinal cohorts. Neurology. 2018 May 08; 90(19):e1646-e1653. PMID: 29643081.
    View in: PubMed
  2. Cai W, Feng D, Schwarzschild MA, McLean PJ, Chen X. Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation of Alpha-synuclein Demonstrates its Oligomerization with Dopaminergic Phenotype in Mice. EBioMedicine. 2018 Mar; 29:13-22. PMID: 29433982.
    View in: PubMed
  3. Kim IY, O'Reilly ÉJ, Hughes KC, Gao X, Schwarzschild MA, McCullough ML, Hannan MT, Betensky RA, Ascherio A. Interaction between caffeine and polymorphisms of glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A (GRIN2A) and cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) on Parkinson's disease risk. Mov Disord. 2018 Mar; 33(3):414-420. PMID: 29318639.
    View in: PubMed
  4. O'Reilly ÉJ, Bjornevik K, Schwarzschild MA, McCullough ML, Kolonel LN, Le Marchand L, Manson JE, Ascherio A. Pre-diagnostic plasma urate and the risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener. 2018 05; 19(3-4):194-200. PMID: 29277115.
    View in: PubMed
  5. Ascherio A, Schwarzschild MA. Dietary antioxidants and Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2017 Nov; 32(11):1501-1503. PMID: 28976040.
    View in: PubMed
  6. Palacios N, Fitzgerald KC, Hart JE, Weisskopf M, Schwarzschild MA, Ascherio A, Laden F. Air Pollution and Risk of Parkinson's Disease in a Large Prospective Study of Men. Environ Health Perspect. 2017 08 18; 125(8):087011. PMID: 28886605.
    View in: PubMed
  7. Crotty GF, Ascherio A, Schwarzschild MA. Targeting urate to reduce oxidative stress in Parkinson disease. Exp Neurol. 2017 12; 298(Pt B):210-224. PMID: 28622913.
    View in: PubMed
  8. Hughes KC, Gao X, Kim IY, Wang M, Weisskopf MG, Schwarzschild MA, Ascherio A. Intake of dairy foods and risk of Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2017 Jul 04; 89(1):46-52. PMID: 28596209.
    View in: PubMed
  9. Quinti L, Dayalan Naidu S, Träger U, Chen X, Kegel-Gleason K, Llères D, Connolly C, Chopra V, Low C, Moniot S, Sapp E, Tousley AR, Vodicka P, Van Kanegan MJ, Kaltenbach LS, Crawford LA, Fuszard M, Higgins M, Miller JRC, Farmer RE, Potluri V, Samajdar S, Meisel L, Zhang N, Snyder A, Stein R, Hersch SM, Ellerby LM, Weerapana E, Schwarzschild MA, Steegborn C, Leavitt BR, Degterev A, Tabrizi SJ, Lo DC, DiFiglia M, Thompson LM, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Kazantsev AG. KEAP1-modifying small molecule reveals muted NRF2 signaling responses in neural stem cells from Huntington's disease patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 06 06; 114(23):E4676-E4685. PMID: 28533375.
    View in: PubMed
  10. Chen X, Feng D, Schwarzschild MA, Gao X. Red hair, MC1R variants, and risk for Parkinson's disease - a meta-analysis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2017 Mar; 4(3):212-216. PMID: 28275654.
    View in: PubMed
  11. Espay AJ, Schwarzschild MA, Tanner CM, Fernandez HH, Simon DK, Leverenz JB, Merola A, Chen-Plotkin A, Brundin P, Kauffman MA, Erro R, Kieburtz K, Woo D, Macklin EA, Standaert DG, Lang AE. Biomarker-driven phenotyping in Parkinson's disease: A translational missing link in disease-modifying clinical trials. Mov Disord. 2017 Mar; 32(3):319-324. PMID: 28233927.
    View in: PubMed
  12. Chen X, Chen H, Cai W, Maguire M, Ya B, Zuo F, Logan R, Li H, Robinson K, Vanderburg CR, Yu Y, Wang Y, Fisher DE, Schwarzschild MA. The melanoma-linked "redhead" MC1R influences dopaminergic neuron survival. Ann Neurol. 2017 Mar; 81(3):395-406. PMID: 28019657.
    View in: PubMed
  13. Schwarzschild MA. Could MAO-B Inhibitor Withdrawal Rather than Nilotinib Benefit Explain the Dopamine Metabolite Increase in Parkinsonian Study Subjects? J Parkinsons Dis. 2017; 7(1):79-80. PMID: 28035939.
    View in: PubMed
  14. Paganoni S, Schwarzschild MA. Urate as a Marker of Risk and Progression of Neurodegenerative Disease. Neurotherapeutics. 2017 01; 14(1):148-153. PMID: 27995438.
    View in: PubMed
  15. Kim IY, O'Reilly ÉJ, Hughes KC, Gao X, Schwarzschild MA, Ascherio A. Differences in Parkinson's Disease Risk with Caffeine Intake and Postmenopausal Hormone Use. J Parkinsons Dis. 2017; 7(4):677-684. PMID: 28984617.
    View in: PubMed
  16. Hughes KC, Gao X, Kim IY, Rimm EB, Wang M, Weisskopf MG, Schwarzschild MA, Ascherio A. Intake of antioxidant vitamins and risk of Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2016 Dec; 31(12):1909-1914. PMID: 27787934.
    View in: PubMed
  17. Ascherio A, Schwarzschild MA. The epidemiology of Parkinson's disease: risk factors and prevention. Lancet Neurol. 2016 Nov; 15(12):1257-1272. PMID: 27751556.
    View in: PubMed
  18. O'Reilly ÉJ, Liu D, Johns DR, Cudkowicz ME, Paganoni S, Schwarzschild MA, Leitner M, Ascherio A. Serum urate at trial entry and ALS progression in EMPOWER. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener. 2017 02; 18(1-2):120-125. PMID: 27677562.
    View in: PubMed
  19. Jackson EK, Boison D, Schwarzschild MA, Kochanek PM. Purines: forgotten mediators in traumatic brain injury. J Neurochem. 2016 Apr; 137(2):142-53. PMID: 26809224; PMCID: PMC4828259 [Available on 04/01/17].
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  20. Xu K, Di Luca DG, Orrú M, Xu Y, Chen JF, Schwarzschild MA. Neuroprotection by caffeine in the MPTP model of parkinson's disease and its dependence on adenosine A2A receptors. Neuroscience. 2016 May 13; 322:129-37. PMID: 26905951; PMCID: PMC4805447 [Available on 05/13/17].
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  21. Bhattacharyya S, Bakshi R, Logan R, Ascherio A, Macklin EA, Schwarzschild MA. Oral Inosine Persistently Elevates Plasma antioxidant capacity in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2016 Mar; 31(3):417-21. PMID: 26805433.
    View in: PubMed
  22. Gao X, O'Reilly ÉJ, Schwarzschild MA, Ascherio A. Prospective study of plasma urate and risk of Parkinson disease in men and women. Neurology. 2016 Feb 09; 86(6):520-6. PMID: 26764029; PMCID: PMC4753729 [Available on 02/09/17].
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  23. Bakshi R, Zhang H, Logan R, Joshi I, Xu Y, Chen X, Schwarzschild MA. Neuroprotective effects of urate are mediated by augmenting astrocytic glutathione synthesis and release. Neurobiol Dis. 2015 Oct; 82:574-579. PMID: 26341543; PMCID: PMC4641017 [Available on 10/01/16].
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  24. Locascio JJ, Eberly S, Liao Z, Liu G, Hoesing AN, Duong K, Trisini-Lipsanopoulos A, Dhima K, Hung AY, Flaherty AW, Schwarzschild MA, Hayes MT, Wills AM, Shivraj Sohur U, Mejia NI, Selkoe DJ, Oakes D, Shoulson I, Dong X, Marek K, Zheng B, Ivinson A, Hyman BT, Growdon JH, Sudarsky LR, Schlossmacher MG, Ravina B, Scherzer CR. Association between a-synuclein blood transcripts and early, neuroimaging-supported Parkinson's disease. Brain. 2015 Sep; 138(Pt 9):2659-71. PMID: 26220939; PMCID: PMC4643625.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  25. Chen X, Wales P, Quinti L, Zuo F, Moniot S, Herisson F, Rauf NA, Wang H, Silverman RB, Ayata C, Maxwell MM, Steegborn C, Schwarzschild MA, Outeiro TF, Kazantsev AG. The sirtuin-2 inhibitor AK7 is neuroprotective in models of Parkinson's disease but not amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and cerebral ischemia. PLoS One. 2015; 10(1):e0116919. PMID: 25608039; PMCID: PMC4301865.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  26. Palacios N, Fitzgerald KC, Hart JE, Weisskopf MG, Schwarzschild MA, Ascherio A, Laden F. Particulate matter and risk of Parkinson disease in a large prospective study of women. Environ Health. 2014 Oct 07; 13:80. PMID: 25294559; PMCID: PMC4201741.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  27. Simon KC, Eberly S, Gao X, Oakes D, Tanner CM, Shoulson I, Fahn S, Schwarzschild MA, Ascherio A. Mendelian randomization of serum urate and parkinson disease progression. Ann Neurol. 2014 Dec; 76(6):862-8. PMID: 25257975; PMCID: PMC4245314.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  28. Schwarzschild MA, Macklin EA, Ascherio A. Urate and neuroprotection trials. Lancet Neurol. 2014 Aug; 13(8):758. PMID: 25030508.
    View in: PubMed
  29. Palacios N, Fitzgerald K, Roberts AL, Hart JE, Weisskopf MG, Schwarzschild MA, Ascherio A, Laden F. A prospective analysis of airborne metal exposures and risk of Parkinson disease in the nurses' health study cohort. Environ Health Perspect. 2014 Sep; 122(9):933-8. PMID: 24905870; PMCID: PMC4154211.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  30. Cipriani S, Bakshi R, Schwarzschild MA. Protection by inosine in a cellular model of Parkinson's disease. Neuroscience. 2014 Aug 22; 274:242-9. PMID: 24880154; PMCID: PMC4120965.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  31. Kachroo A, Schwarzschild MA. Allopurinol reduces levels of urate and dopamine but not dopaminergic neurons in a dual pesticide model of Parkinson's disease. Brain Res. 2014 May 14; 1563:103-9. PMID: 24680743; PMCID: PMC4146456.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  32. Wong JC, Li Y, Schwarzschild MA, Ascherio A, Gao X. Restless legs syndrome: an early clinical feature of Parkinson disease in men. Sleep. 2014 Feb 01; 37(2):369-72. PMID: 24497665; PMCID: PMC3900617.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  33. Schwarzschild MA, Ascherio A, Beal MF, Cudkowicz ME, Curhan GC, Hare JM, Hooper DC, Kieburtz KD, Macklin EA, Oakes D, Rudolph A, Shoulson I, Tennis MK, Espay AJ, Gartner M, Hung A, Bwala G, Lenehan R, Encarnacion E, Ainslie M, Castillo R, Togasaki D, Barles G, Friedman JH, Niles L, Carter JH, Murray M, Goetz CG, Jaglin J, Ahmed A, Russell DS, Cotto C, Goudreau JL, Russell D, Parashos SA, Ede P, Saint-Hilaire MH, Thomas CA, James R, Stacy MA, Johnson J, Gauger L, Antonelle de Marcaida J, Thurlow S, Isaacson SH, Carvajal L, Rao J, Cook M, Hope-Porche C, McClurg L, Grasso DL, Logan R, Orme C, Ross T, Brocht AF, Constantinescu R, Sharma S, Venuto C, Weber J, Eaton K. Inosine to increase serum and cerebrospinal fluid urate in Parkinson disease: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Neurol. 2014 Feb; 71(2):141-50. PMID: 24366103; PMCID: PMC3940333.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  34. McFarland NR, Dimant H, Kibuuka L, Ebrahimi-Fakhari D, Desjardins CA, Danzer KM, Danzer M, Fan Z, Schwarzschild MA, Hirst W, McLean PJ. Chronic treatment with novel small molecule Hsp90 inhibitors rescues striatal dopamine levels but not a-synuclein-induced neuronal cell loss. PLoS One. 2014; 9(1):e86048. PMID: 24465863; PMCID: PMC3896461.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  35. Hung AY, Schwarzschild MA. Treatment of Parkinson's disease: what's in the non-dopaminergic pipeline? Neurotherapeutics. 2014 Jan; 11(1):34-46. PMID: 24310604; PMCID: PMC3899482.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  36. Ding H, Dhima K, Lockhart KC, Locascio JJ, Hoesing AN, Duong K, Trisini-Lipsanopoulos A, Hayes MT, Sohur US, Wills AM, Mollenhauer B, Flaherty AW, Hung AY, Mejia N, Khurana V, Gomperts SN, Selkoe DJ, Schwarzschild MA, Schlossmacher MG, Hyman BT, Sudarsky LR, Growdon JH, Scherzer CR. Unrecognized vitamin D3 deficiency is common in Parkinson disease: Harvard Biomarker Study. Neurology. 2013 Oct 22; 81(17):1531-7. PMID: 24068787; PMCID: PMC3888173.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  37. McFarland NR, Burdett T, Desjardins CA, Frosch MP, Schwarzschild MA. Postmortem brain levels of urate and precursors in Parkinson's disease and related disorders. Neurodegener Dis. 2013; 12(4):189-98. PMID: 23467193; PMCID: PMC3809155.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  38. Wills AM, Eberly S, Tennis M, Lang AE, Messing S, Togasaki D, Tanner CM, Kamp C, Chen JF, Oakes D, McDermott MP, Schwarzschild MA. Caffeine consumption and risk of dyskinesia in CALM-PD. Mov Disord. 2013 Mar; 28(3):380-3. PMID: 23339054; PMCID: PMC3608707.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  39. Brundin P, Barker RA, Conn PJ, Dawson TM, Kieburtz K, Lees AJ, Schwarzschild MA, Tanner CM, Isaacs T, Duffen J, Matthews H, Wyse RK. Linked clinical trials--the development of new clinical learning studies in Parkinson's disease using screening of multiple prospective new treatments. J Parkinsons Dis. 2013 Jan 01; 3(3):231-9. PMID: 24018336; PMCID: PMC4318242.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  40. Chen X, Burdett TC, Desjardins CA, Logan R, Cipriani S, Xu Y, Schwarzschild MA. Disrupted and transgenic urate oxidase alter urate and dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Jan 02; 110(1):300-5. PMID: 23248282; PMCID: PMC3538212.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  41. Gao X, Simon KC, Schwarzschild MA, Ascherio A. Age, statin use, and the risk for incident Parkinson disease-reply. Arch Neurol. 2012 Oct 1; 69(10):1381. PMID: 23044597.
    View in: PubMed
  42. Gao X, Simon KC, Schwarzschild MA, Ascherio A. Age, statin use, and the risk for incident Parkinson disease-reply. Arch Neurol. 2012 Oct 01; 69(10):1381. PMID: 23754004.
    View in: PubMed
  43. Ravina B, Marek K, Eberly S, Oakes D, Kurlan R, Ascherio A, Beal F, Beck J, Flagg E, Galpern WR, Harman J, Lang AE, Schwarzschild M, Tanner C, Shoulson I. Dopamine transporter imaging is associated with long-term outcomes in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2012 Sep 15; 27(11):1392-7. PMID: 22976926.
    View in: PubMed
  44. Salamone JD, Collins-Praino LE, Pardo M, Podurgiel SJ, Baqi Y, Müller CE, Schwarzschild MA, Correa M. Conditional neural knockout of the adenosine A(2A) receptor and pharmacological A(2A) antagonism reduce pilocarpine-induced tremulous jaw movements: studies with a mouse model of parkinsonian tremor. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2013 Aug; 23(8):972-7. PMID: 22947264.
    View in: PubMed
  45. Palacios N, Gao X, McCullough ML, Schwarzschild MA, Shah R, Gapstur S, Ascherio A. Caffeine and risk of Parkinson's disease in a large cohort of men and women. Mov Disord. 2012 Sep 01; 27(10):1276-82. PMID: 22927157; PMCID: PMC3554265.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  46. Cipriani S, Desjardins CA, Burdett TC, Xu Y, Xu K, Schwarzschild MA. Protection of dopaminergic cells by urate requires its accumulation in astrocytes. J Neurochem. 2012 Oct; 123(1):172-81. PMID: 22671773; PMCID: PMC3438313.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  47. Chen X, Wu G, Schwarzschild MA. Urate in Parkinson's disease: more than a biomarker? Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2012 Aug; 12(4):367-75. PMID: 22580741.
    View in: PubMed
  48. Schwarzschild MA. Caffeine in Parkinson disease: better for cruise control than snooze patrol? Neurology. 2012 Aug 14; 79(7):616-8. PMID: 22855870.
    View in: PubMed
  49. Palacios N, Gao X, O'Reilly E, Schwarzschild M, McCullough ML, Mayo T, Gapstur SM, Ascherio AA. Alcohol and risk of Parkinson's disease in a large, prospective cohort of men and women. Mov Disord. 2012 Jul; 27(8):980-7. PMID: 22714720; PMCID: PMC3548327.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  50. Burdett TC, Desjardins CA, Logan R, McFarland NR, Chen X, Schwarzschild MA. Efficient determination of purine metabolites in brain tissue and serum by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical and UV detection. Biomed Chromatogr. 2013 Jan; 27(1):122-9. PMID: 22674671.
    View in: PubMed
  51. Cipriani S, Desjardins CA, Burdett TC, Xu Y, Xu K, Schwarzschild MA. Urate and its transgenic depletion modulate neuronal vulnerability in a cellular model of Parkinson's disease. PLoS One. 2012; 7(5):e37331. PMID: 22606360; PMCID: PMC3351394.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  52. Gao X, Cassidy A, Schwarzschild MA, Rimm EB, Ascherio A. Habitual intake of dietary flavonoids and risk of Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2012 Apr 10; 78(15):1138-45. PMID: 22491871; PMCID: PMC3320056.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  53. Gao X, Simon KC, Schwarzschild MA, Ascherio A. Prospective study of statin use and risk of Parkinson disease. Arch Neurol. 2012 Mar; 69(3):380-4. PMID: 22410446; PMCID: PMC3398841.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  54. Matos M, Augusto E, Santos-Rodrigues AD, Schwarzschild MA, Chen JF, Cunha RA, Agostinho P. Adenosine A2A receptors modulate glutamate uptake in cultured astrocytes and gliosomes. Glia. 2012 May; 60(5):702-16. PMID: 22298379.
    View in: PubMed
  55. Kachroo A, Schwarzschild MA. Adenosine A2A receptor gene disruption protects in an a-synuclein model of Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol. 2012 Feb; 71(2):278-82. PMID: 22367999; PMCID: PMC3292742.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  56. Palacios N, Gao X, Schwarzschild M, Ascherio A. Declining quality of life in Parkinson disease before and after diagnosis. J Parkinsons Dis. 2012; 2(2):153-60. PMID: 23939439; PMCID: PMC3744127.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  57. Ding H, Sarokhan AK, Roderick SS, Bakshi R, Maher NE, Ashourian P, Kan CG, Chang S, Santarlasci A, Swords KE, Ravina BM, Hayes MT, Sohur US, Wills AM, Flaherty AW, Unni VK, Hung AY, Selkoe DJ, Schwarzschild MA, Schlossmacher MG, Sudarsky LR, Growdon JH, Ivinson AJ, Hyman BT, Scherzer CR. Association of SNCA with Parkinson: replication in the Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center Biomarker Study. Mov Disord. 2011 Oct; 26(12):2283-6. PMID: 21953863; PMCID: PMC3337217.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  58. Huang X, Auinger P, Eberly S, Oakes D, Schwarzschild M, Ascherio A, Mailman R, Chen H. Serum cholesterol and the progression of Parkinson's disease: results from DATATOP. PLoS One. 2011; 6(8):e22854. PMID: 21853051; PMCID: PMC3154909.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  59. Palacios N, Gao X, McCullough ML, Jacobs EJ, Patel AV, Mayo T, Schwarzschild MA, Ascherio A. Obesity, diabetes, and risk of Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2011 Oct; 26(12):2253-9. PMID: 21739472; PMCID: PMC3627531.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  60. Gao X, Chen H, Schwarzschild MA, Ascherio A. A prospective study of bowel movement frequency and risk of Parkinson's disease. Am J Epidemiol. 2011 Sep 01; 174(5):546-51. PMID: 21719744; PMCID: PMC3202149.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  61. Schwarzschild MA, Marek K, Eberly S, Oakes D, Shoulson I, Jennings D, Seibyl J, Ascherio A. Serum urate and probability of dopaminergic deficit in early "Parkinson's disease". Mov Disord. 2011 Aug 15; 26(10):1864-8. PMID: 21538532; PMCID: PMC3150627.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  62. Gao X, Chen H, Schwarzschild MA, Ascherio A. Use of ibuprofen and risk of Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2011 Mar 08; 76(10):863-9. PMID: 21368281; PMCID: PMC3059148.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  63. Barkhoudarian MT, Schwarzschild MA. Preclinical jockeying on the translational track of adenosine A2A receptors. Exp Neurol. 2011 Apr; 228(2):160-4. PMID: 21211537; PMCID: PMC3073659.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  64. Schwarzschild MA. The delayed-start study in Parkinson disease: can't satisfy everyone: Rasagiline, Parkinson neuroprotection, and delayed-start trials: still no satisfaction? Neurology. 2010 Nov 23; 75(21):1943-4; author reply 1944-5. PMID: 21098412.
    View in: PubMed
  65. Gao X, Schwarzschild MA, O'Reilly EJ, Wang H, Ascherio A. Restless legs syndrome and Parkinson's disease in men. Mov Disord. 2010 Nov 15; 25(15):2654-7. PMID: 20737545; PMCID: PMC3114885.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  66. Cipriani S, Chen X, Schwarzschild MA. Urate: a novel biomarker of Parkinson's disease risk, diagnosis and prognosis. Biomark Med. 2010 Oct; 4(5):701-12. PMID: 20945982; PMCID: PMC3049925.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  67. Black YD, Xiao D, Pellegrino D, Kachroo A, Brownell AL, Schwarzschild MA. Protective effect of metabotropic glutamate mGluR5 receptor elimination in a 6-hydroxydopamine model of Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Lett. 2010 Dec 17; 486(3):161-5. PMID: 20854878; PMCID: PMC2970925.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  68. Simon KC, Gao X, Chen H, Schwarzschild MA, Ascherio A. Calcium channel blocker use and risk of Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2010 Sep 15; 25(12):1818-22. PMID: 20669249; PMCID: PMC2939261.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  69. Xiao D, Cassin JJ, Healy B, Burdett TC, Chen JF, Fredholm BB, Schwarzschild MA. Deletion of adenosine A1 or A(2A) receptors reduces L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine-induced dyskinesia in a model of Parkinson's disease. Brain Res. 2011 Jan 07; 1367:310-8. PMID: 20828543; PMCID: PMC3005012.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  70. Gardener H, Gao X, Chen H, Schwarzschild MA, Spiegelman D, Ascherio A. Prenatal and early life factors and risk of Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2010 Aug 15; 25(11):1560-7. PMID: 20740569; PMCID: PMC3132935.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  71. O'Reilly EJ, Gao X, Weisskopf MG, Chen H, Schwarzschild MA, Spiegelman D, Ascherio A. Plasma urate and Parkinson's disease in women. Am J Epidemiol. 2010 Sep 15; 172(6):666-70. PMID: 20682521; PMCID: PMC2950819.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  72. Palacios N, Weisskopf M, Simon K, Gao X, Schwarzschild M, Ascherio A. Polymorphisms of caffeine metabolism and estrogen receptor genes and risk of Parkinson's disease in men and women. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2010 Jul; 16(6):370-5. PMID: 20304699; PMCID: PMC2916058.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  73. Kachroo A, Irizarry MC, Schwarzschild MA. Caffeine protects against combined paraquat and maneb-induced dopaminergic neuron degeneration. Exp Neurol. 2010 Jun; 223(2):657-61. PMID: 20188092; PMCID: PMC2864327.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  74. Schwarzschild MA. Rasagiline in Parkinson's disease. N Engl J Med. 2010 Feb 18; 362(7):658; author reply 658-9. PMID: 20187261.
    View in: PubMed
  75. Youdim MB. Rasagiline in Parkinson's disease. N Engl J Med. 2010 Feb 18; 362(7):657-8; author reply 658-9. PMID: 20164492.
    View in: PubMed
  76. Xu K, Xu YH, Chen JF, Schwarzschild MA. Neuroprotection by caffeine: time course and role of its metabolites in the MPTP model of Parkinson's disease. Neuroscience. 2010 May 05; 167(2):475-81. PMID: 20167258; PMCID: PMC2849921.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  77. Gao X, Schwarzschild MA, O'Reilly EJ, Wang H, Ascherio A. Restless legs syndrome and erectile dysfunction. Sleep. 2010 Jan; 33(1):75-9. PMID: 20120623; PMCID: PMC2802250.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  78. Morelli M, Carta AR, Kachroo A, Schwarzschild MA. Pathophysiological roles for purines: adenosine, caffeine and urate. Prog Brain Res. 2010; 183:183-208. PMID: 20696321; PMCID: PMC3102301.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  79. Ascherio A, LeWitt PA, Xu K, Eberly S, Watts A, Matson WR, Marras C, Kieburtz K, Rudolph A, Bogdanov MB, Schwid SR, Tennis M, Tanner CM, Beal MF, Lang AE, Oakes D, Fahn S, Shoulson I, Schwarzschild MA. Urate as a predictor of the rate of clinical decline in Parkinson disease. Arch Neurol. 2009 Dec; 66(12):1460-8. PMID: 19822770; PMCID: PMC2795011.
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  92. Tikh EI, Fenton RA, Chen JF, Schwarzschild MA, Dobson JG. Adenosine A1 and A2A receptor regulation of protein phosphatase 2A in the murine heart. J Cell Physiol. 2008 Jul; 216(1):83-90. PMID: 18181173.
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  150. Sharma N & Schwarzschild MA. . Movement disorders during pregnancy. JH Noseworthy, editor. Neurologic Therapeutics: Principles and Practice. 2003; 1((Part 2)):1556 – 1558.
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  158. Montesinos MC, Desai A, Chen JF, Yee H, Schwarzschild MA, Fink JS, Cronstein BN. Adenosine promotes wound healing and mediates angiogenesis in response to tissue injury via occupancy of A(2A) receptors. Am J Pathol. 2002 Jun; 160(6):2009-18. PMID: 12057906; PMCID: PMC1850820.
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  162. Kanthasamy AG, Sharma N, Kirby ML & Schwarzschild MA. . Neuroprotective Strategies in Parkinson’s Disease. In: J Marwah, EH Lo, editors. Neuroprotection. 2002; 603-640.
  163. Gearan T, Castillo OA, Schwarzschild MA. The parkinsonian neurotoxin, MPP+ induces phosphorylated c-Jun in dopaminergric neurons of mesencephalic cultures. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2001 Sep; 8(1):19-22. PMID: 11472876.
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  165. Armstrong JM, Chen JF, Schwarzschild MA, Apasov S, Smith PT, Caldwell C, Chen P, Figler H, Sullivan G, Fink S, Linden J, Sitkovsky M. Gene dose effect reveals no Gs-coupled A2A adenosine receptor reserve in murine T-lymphocytes: studies of cells from A2A-receptor-gene-deficient mice. Biochem J. 2001 Feb 15; 354(Pt 1):123-30. PMID: 11171087; PMCID: PMC1221636.
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  166. Chen JF, Moratalla R, Impagnatiello F, Grandy DK, Cuellar B, Rubinstein M, Beilstein MA, Hackett E, Fink JS, Low MJ, Ongini E, Schwarzschild MA. The role of the D(2) dopamine receptor (D(2)R) in A(2A) adenosine receptor (A(2A)R)-mediated behavioral and cellular responses as revealed by A(2A) and D(2) receptor knockout mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Feb 13; 98(4):1970-5. PMID: 11172060; PMCID: PMC29366.
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  169. Apasov SG, Chen JF, Smith PT, Schwarzschild MA, Fink JS, Sitkovsky MV. Study of A(2A) adenosine receptor gene deficient mice reveals that adenosine analogue CGS 21680 possesses no A(2A) receptor-unrelated lymphotoxicity. Br J Pharmacol. 2000 Sep; 131(1):43-50. PMID: 10960067; PMCID: PMC1572291.
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  170. Francis JW, Brown RH, Figueiredo D, Remington MP, Castillo O, Schwarzschild MA, Fishman PS, Murphy JR, vanderSpek JC. Enhancement of diphtheria toxin potency by replacement of the receptor binding domain with tetanus toxin C-fragment: a potential vector for delivering heterologous proteins to neurons. J Neurochem. 2000 Jun; 74(6):2528-36. PMID: 10820215.
    View in: PubMed
  171. Chen JF, Beilstein M, Xu YH, Turner TJ, Moratalla R, Standaert DG, Aloyo VJ, Fink JS, Schwarzschild MA. Selective attenuation of psychostimulant-induced behavioral responses in mice lacking A(2A) adenosine receptors. Neuroscience. 2000; 97(1):195-204. PMID: 10771351.
    View in: PubMed
  172. Chen JF, Huang Z, Ma J, Zhu J, Moratalla R, Standaert D, Moskowitz MA, Fink JS, Schwarzschild MA. A(2A) adenosine receptor deficiency attenuates brain injury induced by transient focal ischemia in mice. J Neurosci. 1999 Nov 01; 19(21):9192-200. PMID: 10531422.
    View in: PubMed
  173. Schwarzschild MA, Cole RL, Meyers MA, Hyman SE. Contrasting calcium dependencies of SAPK and ERK activations by glutamate in cultured striatal neurons. J Neurochem. 1999 Jun; 72(6):2248-55. PMID: 10349832.
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  174. Schwarzschild MA & Fink JS. Parkinsonism-Dementia Complex of Guam. In: Joseph AB, Young RR, editors. Movement Disorders in Neurology and Neuropsychiatry. 1999.
  175. Schwarzschild MA, Cole RL, Hyman SE. Glutamate, but not dopamine, stimulates stress-activated protein kinase and AP-1-mediated transcription in striatal neurons. J Neurosci. 1997 May 15; 17(10):3455-66. PMID: 9133371.
    View in: PubMed
  176. Schwarzschild M, Rordorf G, Bekken K, Buonanno F, Schmahmann JD. Normal-pressure hydrocephalus with misleading features of irreversible dementias: a case report. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 1997 Apr; 10(2):51-4. PMID: 9188018.
    View in: PubMed
  177. Schwarzschild MA. Movement Disorders. In: Cudkowicz M & Irizarry M, editors. Neurologic Disorders in Women. 1997; 133-138.
  178. Hyman SE, Cole RL, Schwarzschild MA, Konradi C, Cole D & Hope B. . Molecular mechanisms of striatal gene regulation: a critical role for glutamate in dopamine-mediated gene induction. In: Merchant K, editor. Pharmacological Regulation of Gene Expression in the CNS. 1996; 115-136.
  179. Schwarzschild MA, Dauer WT, Lewis SE, Hamill LK, Fink JS, Hyman SE. Leukemia inhibitory factor and ciliary neurotrophic factor increase activated Ras in a neuroblastoma cell line and in sympathetic neuron cultures. J Neurochem. 1994 Oct; 63(4):1246-54. PMID: 7523587.
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  180. Provenzale JM, Schwarzschild MA. Hemiballismus. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1994 Aug; 15(7):1377-82. PMID: 7976952.
    View in: PubMed
  181. Schwarzschild MA. Nail in the Brain. [Images in Medicine series]. The New England Journal of Medicine. 1993; 328:620.
  182. Schwarzschild MA, Zigmond RE. Effects of peptides of the secretin-glucagon family and cyclic nucleotides on tyrosine hydroxylase activity in sympathetic nerve endings. J Neurochem. 1991 Feb; 56(2):400-6. PMID: 1703218.
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  183. Schwarzschild MA, Vale W, Corigliano-Murphy AC, Pisano JJ, Ip NY, Zigmond RE. Activation of ganglionic tyrosine hydroxylase by peptides of the secretin-glucagon family: structure-function studies. Neuroscience. 1989; 31(1):159-67. PMID: 2570376.
    View in: PubMed
  184. Zigmond RE, Schwarzschild MA, Rittenhouse AR. Acute regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase by nerve activity and by neurotransmitters via phosphorylation. Annu Rev Neurosci. 1989; 12:415-61. PMID: 2564757.
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  185. Schwarzschild MA, Zigmond RE. Secretin and vasoactive intestinal peptide activate tyrosine hydroxylase in sympathetic nerve endings. J Neurosci. 1989 Jan; 9(1):160-6. PMID: 2563276.
    View in: PubMed
  186. Rittenhouse AR, Schwarzschild MA, Zigmond RE. Both synaptic and antidromic stimulation of neurons in the rat superior cervical ganglion acutely increase tyrosine hydroxylase activity. Neuroscience. 1988 Apr; 25(1):207-15. PMID: 2899305.
    View in: PubMed
  187. Schwarzschild MA. The peptidergic and cholinergic regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase activity in a sympathetic ganglion and its end organs. 1988.
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