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profileMichael A. Schwarzschild, M.D., PH.D.

TitleJulieanne Dorn Professor of Neurology
InstitutionMassachusetts General Hospital
DepartmentNeurology
AddressMassachusetts General Hospital
MassGeneral Inst. for Neurodegenerative Disease-Rm 3002
114 16th Street
Charlestown MA 02129
Phone617/724-1480
Fax617/726-4899
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The research activities and funding listed below are automatically derived from NIH ExPORTER and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing items. Faculty can login to make corrections and additions.
Most Recent  |  List All
U13NS103523     (SCHWARZSCHILD, MICHAEL A)Jul 1, 2017 - Jun 30, 2018
NIH/NINDS
2017 Parkinson Study Group Symposium and Training
Role: Principal Investigator
R13NS098746     (SCHWARZSCHILD, MICHAEL A)Aug 1, 2016 - Jul 31, 2017
NIH/NINDS
2016 Parkinson Study Group Symposium and Training
Role: Principal Investigator
     (Michael Schwarzschild)Jan 1, 2016 - Dec 31, 2019
Michael J. Fox Foundation
Blood Sampling for Future Biomarker Research
U01NS090259     (SCHWARZSCHILD, MICHAEL A)Sep 1, 2015 - Jun 30, 2020
NIH/NINDS
Phase 3 trial of inosine for Parkinson's disease CCC
Role: Principal Investigator
     (Michael Schwarzschild)Nov 1, 2014 - Oct 31, 2017
Target ALS
Preclinical Foundation of Urate-Elevating Therapy for ALS
Role: Principal Investigator

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Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Faculty can login to make corrections and additions.
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  1. Crotty GF, Ascherio A, Schwarzschild MA. Targeting urate to reduce oxidative stress in Parkinson disease. Exp Neurol. 2017 Jun 13. PMID: 28622913.
    View in: PubMed
  2. Hughes KC, Gao X, Kim IY, Wang M, Weisskopf MG, Schwarzschild MA, Ascherio A. Intake of dairy foods and risk of Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2017 Jul 04; 89(1):46-52. PMID: 28596209.
    View in: PubMed
  3. Quinti L, Dayalan Naidu S, Träger U, Chen X, Kegel-Gleason K, Llères D, Connolly C, Chopra V, Low C, Moniot S, Sapp E, Tousley AR, Vodicka P, Van Kanegan MJ, Kaltenbach LS, Crawford LA, Fuszard M, Higgins M, Miller JRC, Farmer RE, Potluri V, Samajdar S, Meisel L, Zhang N, Snyder A, Stein R, Hersch SM, Ellerby LM, Weerapana E, Schwarzschild MA, Steegborn C, Leavitt BR, Degterev A, Tabrizi SJ, Lo DC, DiFiglia M, Thompson LM, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Kazantsev AG. KEAP1-modifying small molecule reveals muted NRF2 signaling responses in neural stem cells from Huntington's disease patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 Jun 06; 114(23):E4676-E4685. PMID: 28533375.
    View in: PubMed
  4. Chen X, Feng D, Schwarzschild MA, Gao X. Red hair, MC1R variants, and risk for Parkinson's disease - a meta-analysis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2017 Mar; 4(3):212-216. PMID: 28275654.
    View in: PubMed
  5. Espay AJ, Schwarzschild MA, Tanner CM, Fernandez HH, Simon DK, Leverenz JB, Merola A, Chen-Plotkin A, Brundin P, Kauffman MA, Erro R, Kieburtz K, Woo D, Macklin EA, Standaert DG, Lang AE. Biomarker-driven phenotyping in Parkinson's disease: A translational missing link in disease-modifying clinical trials. Mov Disord. 2017 Mar; 32(3):319-324. PMID: 28233927.
    View in: PubMed
  6. Chen X, Chen H, Cai W, Maguire M, Ya B, Zuo F, Logan R, Li H, Robinson K, Vanderburg CR, Yu Y, Wang Y, Fisher DE, Schwarzschild MA. The melanoma-linked "redhead" MC1R influences dopaminergic neuron survival. Ann Neurol. 2017 Mar; 81(3):395-406. PMID: 28019657.
    View in: PubMed
  7. Schwarzschild MA. Could MAO-B Inhibitor Withdrawal Rather than Nilotinib Benefit Explain the Dopamine Metabolite Increase in Parkinsonian Study Subjects? J Parkinsons Dis. 2017; 7(1):79-80. PMID: 28035939.
    View in: PubMed
  8. Paganoni S, Schwarzschild MA. Urate as a Marker of Risk and Progression of Neurodegenerative Disease. Neurotherapeutics. 2017 Jan; 14(1):148-153. PMID: 27995438.
    View in: PubMed
  9. Hughes KC, Gao X, Kim IY, Rimm EB, Wang M, Weisskopf MG, Schwarzschild MA, Ascherio A. Intake of antioxidant vitamins and risk of Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2016 Dec; 31(12):1909-1914. PMID: 27787934.
    View in: PubMed
  10. Ascherio A, Schwarzschild MA. The epidemiology of Parkinson's disease: risk factors and prevention. Lancet Neurol. 2016 Nov; 15(12):1257-1272. PMID: 27751556.
    View in: PubMed
  11. O'Reilly ÉJ, Liu D, Johns DR, Cudkowicz ME, Paganoni S, Schwarzschild MA, Leitner M, Ascherio A. Serum urate at trial entry and ALS progression in EMPOWER. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener. 2017 Feb; 18(1-2):120-125. PMID: 27677562.
    View in: PubMed
  12. Jackson EK, Boison D, Schwarzschild MA, Kochanek PM. Purines: forgotten mediators in traumatic brain injury. J Neurochem. 2016 Apr; 137(2):142-53. PMID: 26809224; PMCID: PMC4828259 [Available on 04/01/17].
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  13. Xu K, Di Luca DG, Orrú M, Xu Y, Chen JF, Schwarzschild MA. Neuroprotection by caffeine in the MPTP model of parkinson's disease and its dependence on adenosine A2A receptors. Neuroscience. 2016 May 13; 322:129-37. PMID: 26905951; PMCID: PMC4805447 [Available on 05/13/17].
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  14. Bhattacharyya S, Bakshi R, Logan R, Ascherio A, Macklin EA, Schwarzschild MA. Oral Inosine Persistently Elevates Plasma antioxidant capacity in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2016 Mar; 31(3):417-21. PMID: 26805433.
    View in: PubMed
  15. Gao X, O'Reilly ÉJ, Schwarzschild MA, Ascherio A. Prospective study of plasma urate and risk of Parkinson disease in men and women. Neurology. 2016 Feb 09; 86(6):520-6. PMID: 26764029; PMCID: PMC4753729 [Available on 02/09/17].
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  16. Bakshi R, Zhang H, Logan R, Joshi I, Xu Y, Chen X, Schwarzschild MA. Neuroprotective effects of urate are mediated by augmenting astrocytic glutathione synthesis and release. Neurobiol Dis. 2015 Oct; 82:574-579. PMID: 26341543; PMCID: PMC4641017 [Available on 10/01/16].
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  17. Locascio JJ, Eberly S, Liao Z, Liu G, Hoesing AN, Duong K, Trisini-Lipsanopoulos A, Dhima K, Hung AY, Flaherty AW, Schwarzschild MA, Hayes MT, Wills AM, Shivraj Sohur U, Mejia NI, Selkoe DJ, Oakes D, Shoulson I, Dong X, Marek K, Zheng B, Ivinson A, Hyman BT, Growdon JH, Sudarsky LR, Schlossmacher MG, Ravina B, Scherzer CR. Association between a-synuclein blood transcripts and early, neuroimaging-supported Parkinson's disease. Brain. 2015 Sep; 138(Pt 9):2659-71. PMID: 26220939; PMCID: PMC4643625.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  18. Chen X, Wales P, Quinti L, Zuo F, Moniot S, Herisson F, Rauf NA, Wang H, Silverman RB, Ayata C, Maxwell MM, Steegborn C, Schwarzschild MA, Outeiro TF, Kazantsev AG. The sirtuin-2 inhibitor AK7 is neuroprotective in models of Parkinson's disease but not amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and cerebral ischemia. PLoS One. 2015; 10(1):e0116919. PMID: 25608039; PMCID: PMC4301865.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  19. Palacios N, Fitzgerald KC, Hart JE, Weisskopf MG, Schwarzschild MA, Ascherio A, Laden F. Particulate matter and risk of Parkinson disease in a large prospective study of women. Environ Health. 2014 Oct 07; 13:80. PMID: 25294559; PMCID: PMC4201741.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  20. Simon KC, Eberly S, Gao X, Oakes D, Tanner CM, Shoulson I, Fahn S, Schwarzschild MA, Ascherio A. Mendelian randomization of serum urate and parkinson disease progression. Ann Neurol. 2014 Dec; 76(6):862-8. PMID: 25257975; PMCID: PMC4245314.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  21. Schwarzschild MA, Macklin EA, Ascherio A. Urate and neuroprotection trials. Lancet Neurol. 2014 Aug; 13(8):758. PMID: 25030508.
    View in: PubMed
  22. Palacios N, Fitzgerald K, Roberts AL, Hart JE, Weisskopf MG, Schwarzschild MA, Ascherio A, Laden F. A prospective analysis of airborne metal exposures and risk of Parkinson disease in the nurses' health study cohort. Environ Health Perspect. 2014 Sep; 122(9):933-8. PMID: 24905870; PMCID: PMC4154211.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  23. Cipriani S, Bakshi R, Schwarzschild MA. Protection by inosine in a cellular model of Parkinson's disease. Neuroscience. 2014 Aug 22; 274:242-9. PMID: 24880154; PMCID: PMC4120965.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  24. Kachroo A, Schwarzschild MA. Allopurinol reduces levels of urate and dopamine but not dopaminergic neurons in a dual pesticide model of Parkinson's disease. Brain Res. 2014 May 14; 1563:103-9. PMID: 24680743; PMCID: PMC4146456.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  25. Wong JC, Li Y, Schwarzschild MA, Ascherio A, Gao X. Restless legs syndrome: an early clinical feature of Parkinson disease in men. Sleep. 2014 Feb 01; 37(2):369-72. PMID: 24497665; PMCID: PMC3900617.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  26. Schwarzschild MA, Ascherio A, Beal MF, Cudkowicz ME, Curhan GC, Hare JM, Hooper DC, Kieburtz KD, Macklin EA, Oakes D, Rudolph A, Shoulson I, Tennis MK, Espay AJ, Gartner M, Hung A, Bwala G, Lenehan R, Encarnacion E, Ainslie M, Castillo R, Togasaki D, Barles G, Friedman JH, Niles L, Carter JH, Murray M, Goetz CG, Jaglin J, Ahmed A, Russell DS, Cotto C, Goudreau JL, Russell D, Parashos SA, Ede P, Saint-Hilaire MH, Thomas CA, James R, Stacy MA, Johnson J, Gauger L, Antonelle de Marcaida J, Thurlow S, Isaacson SH, Carvajal L, Rao J, Cook M, Hope-Porche C, McClurg L, Grasso DL, Logan R, Orme C, Ross T, Brocht AF, Constantinescu R, Sharma S, Venuto C, Weber J, Eaton K. Inosine to increase serum and cerebrospinal fluid urate in Parkinson disease: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Neurol. 2014 Feb; 71(2):141-50. PMID: 24366103; PMCID: PMC3940333.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  27. McFarland NR, Dimant H, Kibuuka L, Ebrahimi-Fakhari D, Desjardins CA, Danzer KM, Danzer M, Fan Z, Schwarzschild MA, Hirst W, McLean PJ. Chronic treatment with novel small molecule Hsp90 inhibitors rescues striatal dopamine levels but not a-synuclein-induced neuronal cell loss. PLoS One. 2014; 9(1):e86048. PMID: 24465863; PMCID: PMC3896461.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  28. Hung AY, Schwarzschild MA. Treatment of Parkinson's disease: what's in the non-dopaminergic pipeline? Neurotherapeutics. 2014 Jan; 11(1):34-46. PMID: 24310604; PMCID: PMC3899482.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  29. Ding H, Dhima K, Lockhart KC, Locascio JJ, Hoesing AN, Duong K, Trisini-Lipsanopoulos A, Hayes MT, Sohur US, Wills AM, Mollenhauer B, Flaherty AW, Hung AY, Mejia N, Khurana V, Gomperts SN, Selkoe DJ, Schwarzschild MA, Schlossmacher MG, Hyman BT, Sudarsky LR, Growdon JH, Scherzer CR. Unrecognized vitamin D3 deficiency is common in Parkinson disease: Harvard Biomarker Study. Neurology. 2013 Oct 22; 81(17):1531-7. PMID: 24068787; PMCID: PMC3888173.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  30. McFarland NR, Burdett T, Desjardins CA, Frosch MP, Schwarzschild MA. Postmortem brain levels of urate and precursors in Parkinson's disease and related disorders. Neurodegener Dis. 2013; 12(4):189-98. PMID: 23467193; PMCID: PMC3809155.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  31. Wills AM, Eberly S, Tennis M, Lang AE, Messing S, Togasaki D, Tanner CM, Kamp C, Chen JF, Oakes D, McDermott MP, Schwarzschild MA. Caffeine consumption and risk of dyskinesia in CALM-PD. Mov Disord. 2013 Mar; 28(3):380-3. PMID: 23339054; PMCID: PMC3608707.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  32. Brundin P, Barker RA, Conn PJ, Dawson TM, Kieburtz K, Lees AJ, Schwarzschild MA, Tanner CM, Isaacs T, Duffen J, Matthews H, Wyse RK. Linked clinical trials--the development of new clinical learning studies in Parkinson's disease using screening of multiple prospective new treatments. J Parkinsons Dis. 2013 Jan 01; 3(3):231-9. PMID: 24018336; PMCID: PMC4318242.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  33. Chen X, Burdett TC, Desjardins CA, Logan R, Cipriani S, Xu Y, Schwarzschild MA. Disrupted and transgenic urate oxidase alter urate and dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Jan 02; 110(1):300-5. PMID: 23248282; PMCID: PMC3538212.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  34. Gao X, Simon KC, Schwarzschild MA, Ascherio A. Age, statin use, and the risk for incident Parkinson disease-reply. Arch Neurol. 2012 Oct 1; 69(10):1381. PMID: 23044597.
    View in: PubMed
  35. Gao X, Simon KC, Schwarzschild MA, Ascherio A. Age, statin use, and the risk for incident Parkinson disease-reply. Arch Neurol. 2012 Oct 01; 69(10):1381. PMID: 23754004.
    View in: PubMed
  36. Ravina B, Marek K, Eberly S, Oakes D, Kurlan R, Ascherio A, Beal F, Beck J, Flagg E, Galpern WR, Harman J, Lang AE, Schwarzschild M, Tanner C, Shoulson I. Dopamine transporter imaging is associated with long-term outcomes in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2012 Sep 15; 27(11):1392-7. PMID: 22976926.
    View in: PubMed
  37. Salamone JD, Collins-Praino LE, Pardo M, Podurgiel SJ, Baqi Y, Müller CE, Schwarzschild MA, Correa M. Conditional neural knockout of the adenosine A(2A) receptor and pharmacological A(2A) antagonism reduce pilocarpine-induced tremulous jaw movements: studies with a mouse model of parkinsonian tremor. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2013 Aug; 23(8):972-7. PMID: 22947264.
    View in: PubMed
  38. Palacios N, Gao X, McCullough ML, Schwarzschild MA, Shah R, Gapstur S, Ascherio A. Caffeine and risk of Parkinson's disease in a large cohort of men and women. Mov Disord. 2012 Sep 01; 27(10):1276-82. PMID: 22927157; PMCID: PMC3554265.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  39. Cipriani S, Desjardins CA, Burdett TC, Xu Y, Xu K, Schwarzschild MA. Protection of dopaminergic cells by urate requires its accumulation in astrocytes. J Neurochem. 2012 Oct; 123(1):172-81. PMID: 22671773; PMCID: PMC3438313.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  40. Chen X, Wu G, Schwarzschild MA. Urate in Parkinson's disease: more than a biomarker? Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2012 Aug; 12(4):367-75. PMID: 22580741.
    View in: PubMed
  41. Schwarzschild MA. Caffeine in Parkinson disease: better for cruise control than snooze patrol? Neurology. 2012 Aug 14; 79(7):616-8. PMID: 22855870.
    View in: PubMed
  42. Palacios N, Gao X, O'Reilly E, Schwarzschild M, McCullough ML, Mayo T, Gapstur SM, Ascherio AA. Alcohol and risk of Parkinson's disease in a large, prospective cohort of men and women. Mov Disord. 2012 Jul; 27(8):980-7. PMID: 22714720; PMCID: PMC3548327.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  43. Burdett TC, Desjardins CA, Logan R, McFarland NR, Chen X, Schwarzschild MA. Efficient determination of purine metabolites in brain tissue and serum by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical and UV detection. Biomed Chromatogr. 2013 Jan; 27(1):122-9. PMID: 22674671.
    View in: PubMed
  44. Cipriani S, Desjardins CA, Burdett TC, Xu Y, Xu K, Schwarzschild MA. Urate and its transgenic depletion modulate neuronal vulnerability in a cellular model of Parkinson's disease. PLoS One. 2012; 7(5):e37331. PMID: 22606360; PMCID: PMC3351394.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  45. Gao X, Cassidy A, Schwarzschild MA, Rimm EB, Ascherio A. Habitual intake of dietary flavonoids and risk of Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2012 Apr 10; 78(15):1138-45. PMID: 22491871; PMCID: PMC3320056.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  46. Gao X, Simon KC, Schwarzschild MA, Ascherio A. Prospective study of statin use and risk of Parkinson disease. Arch Neurol. 2012 Mar; 69(3):380-4. PMID: 22410446; PMCID: PMC3398841.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  47. Matos M, Augusto E, Santos-Rodrigues AD, Schwarzschild MA, Chen JF, Cunha RA, Agostinho P. Adenosine A2A receptors modulate glutamate uptake in cultured astrocytes and gliosomes. Glia. 2012 May; 60(5):702-16. PMID: 22298379.
    View in: PubMed
  48. Kachroo A, Schwarzschild MA. Adenosine A2A receptor gene disruption protects in an a-synuclein model of Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol. 2012 Feb; 71(2):278-82. PMID: 22367999; PMCID: PMC3292742.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  49. Palacios N, Gao X, Schwarzschild M, Ascherio A. Declining quality of life in Parkinson disease before and after diagnosis. J Parkinsons Dis. 2012; 2(2):153-60. PMID: 23939439; PMCID: PMC3744127.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  50. Ding H, Sarokhan AK, Roderick SS, Bakshi R, Maher NE, Ashourian P, Kan CG, Chang S, Santarlasci A, Swords KE, Ravina BM, Hayes MT, Sohur US, Wills AM, Flaherty AW, Unni VK, Hung AY, Selkoe DJ, Schwarzschild MA, Schlossmacher MG, Sudarsky LR, Growdon JH, Ivinson AJ, Hyman BT, Scherzer CR. Association of SNCA with Parkinson: replication in the Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center Biomarker Study. Mov Disord. 2011 Oct; 26(12):2283-6. PMID: 21953863; PMCID: PMC3337217.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  51. Huang X, Auinger P, Eberly S, Oakes D, Schwarzschild M, Ascherio A, Mailman R, Chen H. Serum cholesterol and the progression of Parkinson's disease: results from DATATOP. PLoS One. 2011; 6(8):e22854. PMID: 21853051; PMCID: PMC3154909.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  52. Palacios N, Gao X, McCullough ML, Jacobs EJ, Patel AV, Mayo T, Schwarzschild MA, Ascherio A. Obesity, diabetes, and risk of Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2011 Oct; 26(12):2253-9. PMID: 21739472; PMCID: PMC3627531.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  53. Gao X, Chen H, Schwarzschild MA, Ascherio A. A prospective study of bowel movement frequency and risk of Parkinson's disease. Am J Epidemiol. 2011 Sep 01; 174(5):546-51. PMID: 21719744; PMCID: PMC3202149.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  54. Schwarzschild MA, Marek K, Eberly S, Oakes D, Shoulson I, Jennings D, Seibyl J, Ascherio A. Serum urate and probability of dopaminergic deficit in early "Parkinson's disease". Mov Disord. 2011 Aug 15; 26(10):1864-8. PMID: 21538532; PMCID: PMC3150627.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  55. Gao X, Chen H, Schwarzschild MA, Ascherio A. Use of ibuprofen and risk of Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2011 Mar 08; 76(10):863-9. PMID: 21368281; PMCID: PMC3059148.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  56. Barkhoudarian MT, Schwarzschild MA. Preclinical jockeying on the translational track of adenosine A2A receptors. Exp Neurol. 2011 Apr; 228(2):160-4. PMID: 21211537; PMCID: PMC3073659.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  57. Schwarzschild MA. The delayed-start study in Parkinson disease: can't satisfy everyone: Rasagiline, Parkinson neuroprotection, and delayed-start trials: still no satisfaction? Neurology. 2010 Nov 23; 75(21):1943-4; author reply 1944-5. PMID: 21098412.
    View in: PubMed
  58. Gao X, Schwarzschild MA, O'Reilly EJ, Wang H, Ascherio A. Restless legs syndrome and Parkinson's disease in men. Mov Disord. 2010 Nov 15; 25(15):2654-7. PMID: 20737545; PMCID: PMC3114885.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  59. Cipriani S, Chen X, Schwarzschild MA. Urate: a novel biomarker of Parkinson's disease risk, diagnosis and prognosis. Biomark Med. 2010 Oct; 4(5):701-12. PMID: 20945982; PMCID: PMC3049925.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  60. Black YD, Xiao D, Pellegrino D, Kachroo A, Brownell AL, Schwarzschild MA. Protective effect of metabotropic glutamate mGluR5 receptor elimination in a 6-hydroxydopamine model of Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Lett. 2010 Dec 17; 486(3):161-5. PMID: 20854878; PMCID: PMC2970925.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  61. Simon KC, Gao X, Chen H, Schwarzschild MA, Ascherio A. Calcium channel blocker use and risk of Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2010 Sep 15; 25(12):1818-22. PMID: 20669249; PMCID: PMC2939261.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  62. Xiao D, Cassin JJ, Healy B, Burdett TC, Chen JF, Fredholm BB, Schwarzschild MA. Deletion of adenosine A1 or A(2A) receptors reduces L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine-induced dyskinesia in a model of Parkinson's disease. Brain Res. 2011 Jan 07; 1367:310-8. PMID: 20828543; PMCID: PMC3005012.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  63. Gardener H, Gao X, Chen H, Schwarzschild MA, Spiegelman D, Ascherio A. Prenatal and early life factors and risk of Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2010 Aug 15; 25(11):1560-7. PMID: 20740569; PMCID: PMC3132935.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  64. O'Reilly EJ, Gao X, Weisskopf MG, Chen H, Schwarzschild MA, Spiegelman D, Ascherio A. Plasma urate and Parkinson's disease in women. Am J Epidemiol. 2010 Sep 15; 172(6):666-70. PMID: 20682521; PMCID: PMC2950819.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  65. Palacios N, Weisskopf M, Simon K, Gao X, Schwarzschild M, Ascherio A. Polymorphisms of caffeine metabolism and estrogen receptor genes and risk of Parkinson's disease in men and women. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2010 Jul; 16(6):370-5. PMID: 20304699; PMCID: PMC2916058.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  66. Kachroo A, Irizarry MC, Schwarzschild MA. Caffeine protects against combined paraquat and maneb-induced dopaminergic neuron degeneration. Exp Neurol. 2010 Jun; 223(2):657-61. PMID: 20188092; PMCID: PMC2864327.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  67. Schwarzschild MA. Rasagiline in Parkinson's disease. N Engl J Med. 2010 Feb 18; 362(7):658; author reply 658-9. PMID: 20187261.
    View in: PubMed
  68. Youdim MB. Rasagiline in Parkinson's disease. N Engl J Med. 2010 Feb 18; 362(7):657-8; author reply 658-9. PMID: 20164492.
    View in: PubMed
  69. Xu K, Xu YH, Chen JF, Schwarzschild MA. Neuroprotection by caffeine: time course and role of its metabolites in the MPTP model of Parkinson's disease. Neuroscience. 2010 May 05; 167(2):475-81. PMID: 20167258; PMCID: PMC2849921.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  70. Gao X, Schwarzschild MA, O'Reilly EJ, Wang H, Ascherio A. Restless legs syndrome and erectile dysfunction. Sleep. 2010 Jan; 33(1):75-9. PMID: 20120623; PMCID: PMC2802250.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  71. Morelli M, Carta AR, Kachroo A, Schwarzschild MA. Pathophysiological roles for purines: adenosine, caffeine and urate. Prog Brain Res. 2010; 183:183-208. PMID: 20696321; PMCID: PMC3102301.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  72. Ascherio A, LeWitt PA, Xu K, Eberly S, Watts A, Matson WR, Marras C, Kieburtz K, Rudolph A, Bogdanov MB, Schwid SR, Tennis M, Tanner CM, Beal MF, Lang AE, Oakes D, Fahn S, Shoulson I, Schwarzschild MA. Urate as a predictor of the rate of clinical decline in Parkinson disease. Arch Neurol. 2009 Dec; 66(12):1460-8. PMID: 19822770; PMCID: PMC2795011.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  73. Quiroz C, Luján R, Uchigashima M, Simoes AP, Lerner TN, Borycz J, Kachroo A, Canas PM, Orru M, Schwarzschild MA, Rosin DL, Kreitzer AC, Cunha RA, Watanabe M, Ferré S. Key modulatory role of presynaptic adenosine A2A receptors in cortical neurotransmission to the striatal direct pathway. ScientificWorldJournal. 2009 Nov 18; 9:1321-44. PMID: 19936569; PMCID: PMC2871285.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  74. Gao X, Simon KC, Han J, Schwarzschild MA, Ascherio A. Family history of melanoma and Parkinson disease risk. Neurology. 2009 Oct 20; 73(16):1286-91. PMID: 19841380; PMCID: PMC2764417.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  75. Carta AR, Kachroo A, Schintu N, Xu K, Schwarzschild MA, Wardas J, Morelli M. Inactivation of neuronal forebrain A receptors protects dopaminergic neurons in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. J Neurochem. 2009 Dec; 111(6):1478-89. PMID: 19817968; PMCID: PMC2820161.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  76. Simon KC, Chen H, Gao X, Schwarzschild MA, Ascherio A. Reproductive factors, exogenous estrogen use, and risk of Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2009 Jul 15; 24(9):1359-65. PMID: 19424986; PMCID: PMC2751573.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  77. McFarland NR, Fan Z, Xu K, Schwarzschild MA, Feany MB, Hyman BT, McLean PJ. Alpha-synuclein S129 phosphorylation mutants do not alter nigrostriatal toxicity in a rat model of Parkinson disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2009 May; 68(5):515-24. PMID: 19525899; PMCID: PMC2753269.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
  78. Gao X, Schwarzschild MA, Wang H, Ascherio A. Obesity and restless legs syndrome in men and women. Neurology. 2009 Apr 07; 72(14):1255-61. PMID: 19349606; PMCID: PMC2677487.
    View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
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  163. Francis JW, Brown RH, Figueiredo D, Remington MP, Castillo O, Schwarzschild MA, Fishman PS, Murphy JR, vanderSpek JC. Enhancement of diphtheria toxin potency by replacement of the receptor binding domain with tetanus toxin C-fragment: a potential vector for delivering heterologous proteins to neurons. J Neurochem. 2000 Jun; 74(6):2528-36. PMID: 10820215.
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  168. Schwarzschild MA, Cole RL, Hyman SE. Glutamate, but not dopamine, stimulates stress-activated protein kinase and AP-1-mediated transcription in striatal neurons. J Neurosci. 1997 May 15; 17(10):3455-66. PMID: 9133371.
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  169. Schwarzschild M, Rordorf G, Bekken K, Buonanno F, Schmahmann JD. Normal-pressure hydrocephalus with misleading features of irreversible dementias: a case report. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 1997 Apr; 10(2):51-4. PMID: 9188018.
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  170. Schwarzschild MA. Movement Disorders. In: Cudkowicz M & Irizarry M, editors. Neurologic Disorders in Women. 1997; 133-138.
  171. Hyman SE, Cole RL, Schwarzschild MA, Konradi C, Cole D & Hope B. . Molecular mechanisms of striatal gene regulation: a critical role for glutamate in dopamine-mediated gene induction. In: Merchant K, editor. Pharmacological Regulation of Gene Expression in the CNS. 1996; 115-136.
  172. Schwarzschild MA, Dauer WT, Lewis SE, Hamill LK, Fink JS, Hyman SE. Leukemia inhibitory factor and ciliary neurotrophic factor increase activated Ras in a neuroblastoma cell line and in sympathetic neuron cultures. J Neurochem. 1994 Oct; 63(4):1246-54. PMID: 7523587.
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  173. Provenzale JM, Schwarzschild MA. Hemiballismus. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1994 Aug; 15(7):1377-82. PMID: 7976952.
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  174. Schwarzschild MA. Nail in the Brain. [Images in Medicine series]. The New England Journal of Medicine. 1993; 328:620.
  175. Schwarzschild MA, Zigmond RE. Effects of peptides of the secretin-glucagon family and cyclic nucleotides on tyrosine hydroxylase activity in sympathetic nerve endings. J Neurochem. 1991 Feb; 56(2):400-6. PMID: 1703218.
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  176. Schwarzschild MA, Vale W, Corigliano-Murphy AC, Pisano JJ, Ip NY, Zigmond RE. Activation of ganglionic tyrosine hydroxylase by peptides of the secretin-glucagon family: structure-function studies. Neuroscience. 1989; 31(1):159-67. PMID: 2570376.
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  177. Zigmond RE, Schwarzschild MA, Rittenhouse AR. Acute regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase by nerve activity and by neurotransmitters via phosphorylation. Annu Rev Neurosci. 1989; 12:415-61. PMID: 2564757.
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  178. Schwarzschild MA, Zigmond RE. Secretin and vasoactive intestinal peptide activate tyrosine hydroxylase in sympathetic nerve endings. J Neurosci. 1989 Jan; 9(1):160-6. PMID: 2563276.
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  179. Rittenhouse AR, Schwarzschild MA, Zigmond RE. Both synaptic and antidromic stimulation of neurons in the rat superior cervical ganglion acutely increase tyrosine hydroxylase activity. Neuroscience. 1988 Apr; 25(1):207-15. PMID: 2899305.
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  180. Schwarzschild MA. The peptidergic and cholinergic regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase activity in a sympathetic ganglion and its end organs. 1988.
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