We are currently focusing on the interplay between lung inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility and outcomes. We hypothesize that immune tolerance loss and RA-related autoantibody production occur at mucosal surfaces of the lung contributing to both RA risk and outcomes. We are testing these hypotheses using a variety of study designs, such as the Nurses' Health Studies, a large institutional RA registry, EMR data, pharmacy claims data, the Partners Biobank, and clinical trials.