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Computational discovery and in vivo validation of hnf4 as a regulatory gene in planarian regeneration.
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A second-generation device for automated training and quantitative behavior analyses of molecularly-tractable model organisms.
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Bioelectrochemistry (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
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Bioelectrical coupling in multicellular domains regulated by gap junctions: A conceptual approach.
Expression of Connexin30 in Xenopus embryos and its involvement in hatching gland function. Developmental Dynamics. 2000; 219(1):96-101.
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Activating PAX gene family paralogs to complement PAX5 leukemia driver mutations. PLoS Genet. 2018 09; 14(9):e1007642.
Activating PAX gene family paralogs to complement PAX5 leukemia driver mutations.
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H+ pump-dependent changes in membrane voltage are an early mechanism necessary and sufficient to induce Xenopus tail regeneration. Development. 2007 Apr; 134(7):1323-35.
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BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology
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AC magnetic field effects on early sea urchin development
Herrera-Rincon C, Golding AS, Moran KM, Harrison C, Martyniuk CJ, Guay JA, Zaltsman J, Carabello H, Kaplan DL, Levin M
Brief Local Application of Progesterone via a Wearable Bioreactor Induces Long-Term Regenerative Response in Adult Xenopus Hindlimb. Cell Rep. 2018 11 06; 25(6):1593-1609.e7.
Brief Local Application of Progesterone via a Wearable Bioreactor Induces Long-Term Regenerative Response in Adult Xenopus Hindlimb.
Cairns DM, Giordano JE, Conte S, Levin M, Kaplan DL
Ivermectin Promotes Peripheral Nerve Regeneration during Wound Healing. ACS Omega. 2018 Oct 31; 3(10):12392-12402.
Ivermectin Promotes Peripheral Nerve Regeneration during Wound Healing.
A genetic algorithm model of the evolution of animal communication. BioSystems. 1995; 36:167-178.
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The Bacterial Metabolite Indole Inhibits Regeneration of the Planarian Flatworm Dugesia japonica. iScience. 2018 Dec 21; 10:135-148.
The Bacterial Metabolite Indole Inhibits Regeneration of the Planarian Flatworm Dugesia japonica.
Levin M, Pagan S, Roberts DJ, Cooke J, Kuehn MR, Tabin CJ
Left/right patterning signals and the independent regulation of different aspects of situs in the chick embryo. Dev Biol. 1997 Sep 01; 189(1):57-67.
Left/right patterning signals and the independent regulation of different aspects of situs in the chick embryo.
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Perspectives and open problems in the early phases of left-right patterning.
Lobikin M, Wang G, Xu J, Hsieh YW, Chuang CF, Lemire JM, Levin M
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Early, nonciliary role for microtubule proteins in left-right patterning is conserved across kingdoms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Jul 31; 109(31):12586-91.
Early, nonciliary role for microtubule proteins in left-right patterning is conserved across kingdoms.
Ectopic eyes outside the head in Xenopus tadpoles provide sensory data for light-mediated learning. J Exp Biol. 2013 Mar 15; 216(Pt 6):1031-40.
Ectopic eyes outside the head in Xenopus tadpoles provide sensory data for light-mediated learning.
International Journal of Developmental Biology
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Follistatin mimics the endogenous streak inhibitory activity in early chick embryos
Durant F, Bischof J, Fields C, Morokuma J, LaPalme J, Hoi A, Levin M
The Role of Early Bioelectric Signals in the Regeneration of Planarian Anterior/Posterior Polarity. Biophys J. 2019 03 05; 116(5):948-961.
The Role of Early Bioelectric Signals in the Regeneration of Planarian Anterior/Posterior Polarity.
Pietak A, Bischof J, LaPalme J, Morokuma J, Levin M
Neural control of body-plan axis in regenerating planaria. PLoS Comput Biol. 2019 04; 15(4):e1006904.
Neural control of body-plan axis in regenerating planaria.
Bizzarri M, Brash DE, Briscoe J, Grieneisen VA, Stern CD, Levin M
A call for a better understanding of causation in cell biology. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2019 05; 20(5):261-262.
A call for a better understanding of causation in cell biology.
Publisher Correction: A call for a better understanding of causation in cell biology. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2019 Jun; 20(6):384.
Publisher Correction: A call for a better understanding of causation in cell biology.
The International journal of developmental biology
Avian models and the study of invariant asymmetry: how the chicken and the egg taught us to tell right from left. Int J Dev Biol. 2018; 62(1-2-3):63-77.
Avian models and the study of invariant asymmetry: how the chicken and the egg taught us to tell right from left.
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
The Cognitive Lens: a primer on conceptual tools for analysing information processing in developmental and regenerative morphogenesis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2019 06 10; 374(1774):20180369.
The Cognitive Lens: a primer on conceptual tools for analysing information processing in developmental and regenerative morphogenesis.
John Franklin Enders University Professor of Systems Biology
Dina and Raphael Recanati Professor of Medicine
Judah Folkman Professor of Vascular Biology in the Department of Surgery
George Jacob and Jacqueline Hazel Leder Professor of Genetics
Hasib Sabbagh Professor of Systems Biology
Professor of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery
Live imaging of intracellular pH in planarians using the ratiometric fluorescent dye SNARF-5F-AM. Biol Methods Protoc. 2019; 4(1):bpz005.
Live imaging of intracellular pH in planarians using the ratiometric fluorescent dye SNARF-5F-AM.
Bonzanni M, Rouleau N, Levin M, Kaplan DL
On the Generalization of Habituation: How Discrete Biological Systems Respond to Repetitive Stimuli: A Novel Model of Habituation That Is Independent of Any Biological System. Bioessays. 2019 07; 41(7):e1900028.
On the Generalization of Habituation: How Discrete Biological Systems Respond to Repetitive Stimuli: A Novel Model of Habituation That Is Independent of Any Biological System.
Professor of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and Grousbeck Professor of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School
James Stillman Professor of Developmental Biology
Willems E, Alkema W, Keizer-Garritsen J, Suppers A, van der Flier M, Philipsen RHLA, van den Heuvel LP, Volokhina E, van der Molen RG, Herberg JA, Levin M, Wright VJ, Ahout IML, Ferwerda G, Emonts M, Boeddha NP, Rivero-Calle I, Torres FM, Wessels HJCT, de Groot R, van Gool AJ, Gloerich J, de Jonge MI
Biosynthetic homeostasis and resilience of the complement system in health and infectious disease. EBioMedicine. 2019 Jul; 45:303-313.
Biosynthetic homeostasis and resilience of the complement system in health and infectious disease.
Associate Professor of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology
Kuchling F, Friston K, Georgiev G, Levin M
Morphogenesis as Bayesian inference: A variational approach to pattern formation and control in complex biological systems. Phys Life Rev. 2020 07; 33:88-108.
Morphogenesis as Bayesian inference: A variational approach to pattern formation and control in complex biological systems.
Reverse-engineering growth and form in Heidelberg. Development. 2019 07 19; 146(14).
Reverse-engineering growth and form in Heidelberg.
Punjiya M, Nejad HR, Mathews J, Levin M, Sonkusale S
A flow through device for simultaneous dielectrophoretic cell trapping and AC electroporation. Sci Rep. 2019 08 19; 9(1):11988.
A flow through device for simultaneous dielectrophoretic cell trapping and AC electroporation.
Current opinion in genetics & development
Bioelectrical controls of morphogenesis: from ancient mechanisms of cell coordination to biomedical opportunities. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2019 08; 57:61-69.
Bioelectrical controls of morphogenesis: from ancient mechanisms of cell coordination to biomedical opportunities.
Atsuta Y, Tomizawa RR, Levin M, Tabin CJ
L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channel CaV1.2 regulates chondrogenesis during limb development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019 10 22; 116(43):21592-21601.
L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channel CaV1.2 regulates chondrogenesis during limb development.
Toward Decoding Bioelectric Events in Xenopus Embryogenesis: New Methodology for Tracking Interplay Between Calcium and Resting Potentials In Vivo. J Mol Biol. 2020 01 17; 432(2):605-620.
Toward Decoding Bioelectric Events in Xenopus Embryogenesis: New Methodology for Tracking Interplay Between Calcium and Resting Potentials In Vivo.
Sousounis K, Erdogan B, Levin M, Whited JL
Precise control of ion channel and gap junction expression is required for patterning of the regenerating axolotl limb. Int J Dev Biol. 2020; 64(10-11-12):485-494.
Precise control of ion channel and gap junction expression is required for patterning of the regenerating axolotl limb.
Extra-genomic instructive influences in morphogenesis: A review of external signals that regulate growth and form. Dev Biol. 2020 05 01; 461(1):1-12.
Extra-genomic instructive influences in morphogenesis: A review of external signals that regulate growth and form.
van Aerde KJ, de Haan L, van Leur M, Gerrits GP, Schers H, Moll HA, Hagedoorn NN, Herberg JA, Levin M, Rivero-Calle I, de Jonge MI, de Groot R, van der Flier M
The Pediatric infectious disease journal
Respiratory Tract Infection Management and Antibiotic Prescription in Children: A Unique Study Comparing Three Levels of Healthcare in The Netherlands. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2021 03 01; 40(3):e100-e105.
Respiratory Tract Infection Management and Antibiotic Prescription in Children: A Unique Study Comparing Three Levels of Healthcare in The Netherlands.
Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)
Rewiring Endogenous Bioelectric Circuits in the Xenopus laevis Embryo Model. Methods Mol Biol. 2021; 2258:93-103.
Rewiring Endogenous Bioelectric Circuits in the Xenopus laevis Embryo Model.
McArdle AJ, Vito O, Patel H, Seaby EG, Shah P, Wilson C, Broderick C, Nijman R, Tremoulet AH, Munblit D, Ulloa-Gutierrez R, Carter MJ, De T, Hoggart C, Whittaker E, Herberg JA, Kaforou M, Cunnington AJ, Levin M
Treatment of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children. N Engl J Med. 2021 07 01; 385(1):11-22.
Treatment of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children.
Tan CD, Hagedoorn NN, Dewez JE, Borensztajn DM, von Both U, Carrol ED, Emonts M, van der Flier M, de Groot R, Herberg J, Kohlmaier B, Levin M, Lim E, Maconochie IK, Martinon-Torres F, Nijman RG, Pokorn M, Rivero-Calle I, Strle F, Tsolia M, Vermont CL, Yeung S, Zachariasse JM, Zenz W, Zavadska D, Moll HA
Rapid Viral Testing and Antibiotic Prescription in Febrile Children With Respiratory Symptoms Visiting Emergency Departments in Europe. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2022 01 01; 41(1):39-44.
Rapid Viral Testing and Antibiotic Prescription in Febrile Children With Respiratory Symptoms Visiting Emergency Departments in Europe.
A chemical genetics approach reveals H,K-ATPase-mediated membrane voltage is required for planarian head regeneration. Chem Biol. 2011 Jan 28; 18(1):77-89.
A chemical genetics approach reveals H,K-ATPase-mediated membrane voltage is required for planarian head regeneration.
Normalized shape and location of perturbed craniofacial structures in the Xenopus tadpole reveal an innate ability to achieve correct morphology. Dev Dyn. 2012 May; 241(5):863-78.
Normalized shape and location of perturbed craniofacial structures in the Xenopus tadpole reveal an innate ability to achieve correct morphology.
Low frequency vibrations induce malformations in two aquatic species in a frequency-, waveform-, and direction-specific manner. PLoS One. 2012; 7(12):e51473.
Low frequency vibrations induce malformations in two aquatic species in a frequency-, waveform-, and direction-specific manner.
Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)
Transducing bioelectric signals into epigenetic pathways during tadpole tail regeneration. Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2012 Oct; 295(10):1541-51.
Transducing bioelectric signals into epigenetic pathways during tadpole tail regeneration.
Humane anesthesia and pain management in amphibian limb surgery of Rana pipiens. Cold Spring Harb Protoc. 2013 Feb 01; 2013(2):149-55.
Humane anesthesia and pain management in amphibian limb surgery of Rana pipiens.
Isolation and community: a review of the role of gap-junctional communication in embryonic patterning. J Membr Biol. 2002 Feb 01; 185(3):177-92.
Isolation and community: a review of the role of gap-junctional communication in embryonic patterning.
Tseng AS, Beane WS, Lemire JM, Masi A, Levin M
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
Induction of vertebrate regeneration by a transient sodium current. J Neurosci. 2010 Sep 29; 30(39):13192-200.
Induction of vertebrate regeneration by a transient sodium current.
Tseng AS, Carneiro K, Lemire JM, Levin M
HDAC activity is required during Xenopus tail regeneration. PLoS One. 2011; 6(10):e26382.
HDAC activity is required during Xenopus tail regeneration.
Planform: an application and database of graph-encoded planarian regenerative experiments. Bioinformatics. 2013 Apr 15; 29(8):1098-100.
Planform: an application and database of graph-encoded planarian regenerative experiments.
Cracking the bioelectric code: Probing endogenous ionic controls of pattern formation. Commun Integr Biol. 2013 Jan 01; 6(1):e22595.
Cracking the bioelectric code: Probing endogenous ionic controls of pattern formation.
Regulation of cell behavior and tissue patterning by bioelectrical signals: challenges and opportunities for biomedical engineering. Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2012; 14:295-323.
Regulation of cell behavior and tissue patterning by bioelectrical signals: challenges and opportunities for biomedical engineering.
Beane WS, Tseng AS, Morokuma J, Lemire JM, Levin M
Inhibition of planar cell polarity extends neural growth during regeneration, homeostasis, and development. Stem Cells Dev. 2012 Aug 10; 21(12):2085-94.
Inhibition of planar cell polarity extends neural growth during regeneration, homeostasis, and development.
Photoconversion for tracking the dynamics of cell movement in Xenopus laevis embryos. Cold Spring Harb Protoc. 2012 Jun 01; 2012(6):683-90.
Photoconversion for tracking the dynamics of cell movement in Xenopus laevis embryos.
Modeling planarian regeneration: a primer for reverse-engineering the worm. PLoS Comput Biol. 2012; 8(4):e1002481.
Modeling planarian regeneration: a primer for reverse-engineering the worm.
Vandenberg LN, Morrie RD, Seebohm G, Lemire JM, Levin M
Rab GTPases are required for early orientation of the left-right axis in Xenopus. Mech Dev. 2013 Apr-May; 130(4-5):254-71.
Rab GTPases are required for early orientation of the left-right axis in Xenopus.
A unified model for left-right asymmetry? Comparison and synthesis of molecular models of embryonic laterality. Dev Biol. 2013 Jul 01; 379(1):1-15.
A unified model for left-right asymmetry? Comparison and synthesis of molecular models of embryonic laterality.
Transmembrane voltage potential is an essential cellular parameter for the detection and control of tumor development in a Xenopus model. Dis Model Mech. 2013 May; 6(3):595-607.
Transmembrane voltage potential is an essential cellular parameter for the detection and control of tumor development in a Xenopus model.
An automated training paradigm reveals long-term memory in planarians and its persistence through head regeneration. J Exp Biol. 2013 Oct 15; 216(Pt 20):3799-810.
An automated training paradigm reveals long-term memory in planarians and its persistence through head regeneration.
Role of membrane potential in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. Stem Cell Rev Rep. 2009 Sep; 5(3):231-46.
Role of membrane potential in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation.
Mondia JP, Levin M, Omenetto FG, Orendorff RD, Branch MR, Adams DS
Long-distance signals are required for morphogenesis of the regenerating Xenopus tadpole tail, as shown by femtosecond-laser ablation. PLoS One. 2011; 6(9):e24953.
Long-distance signals are required for morphogenesis of the regenerating Xenopus tadpole tail, as shown by femtosecond-laser ablation.
Sundelacruz S, Li C, Choi YJ, Levin M, Kaplan DL
Bioelectric modulation of wound healing in a 3D in vitro model of tissue-engineered bone. Biomaterials. 2013 Sep; 34(28):6695-705.
Bioelectric modulation of wound healing in a 3D in vitro model of tissue-engineered bone.
Membrane potential controls adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. PLoS One. 2008; 3(11):e3737.
Membrane potential controls adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.
Hechavarria D, Dewilde A, Braunhut S, Levin M, Kaplan DL
BioDome regenerative sleeve for biochemical and biophysical stimulation of tissue regeneration. Med Eng Phys. 2010 Nov; 32(9):1065-73.
BioDome regenerative sleeve for biochemical and biophysical stimulation of tissue regeneration.
The wisdom of the body: future techniques and approaches to morphogenetic fields in regenerative medicine, developmental biology and cancer. Regen Med. 2011 Nov; 6(6):667-73.
The wisdom of the body: future techniques and approaches to morphogenetic fields in regenerative medicine, developmental biology and cancer.
Measuring resting membrane potential using the fluorescent voltage reporters DiBAC4(3) and CC2-DMPE. Cold Spring Harb Protoc. 2012 Apr 01; 2012(4):459-64.
Measuring resting membrane potential using the fluorescent voltage reporters DiBAC4(3) and CC2-DMPE.
It's never too early to get it Right: A conserved role for the cytoskeleton in left-right asymmetry. Commun Integr Biol. 2013 Nov 01; 6(6):e27155.
It's never too early to get it Right: A conserved role for the cytoskeleton in left-right asymmetry.
Depolarization alters phenotype, maintains plasticity of predifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue Eng Part A. 2013 Sep; 19(17-18):1889-908.
Depolarization alters phenotype, maintains plasticity of predifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells.
Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Systems biology and medicine
Reprogramming cells and tissue patterning via bioelectrical pathways: molecular mechanisms and biomedical opportunities. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med. 2013 Nov-Dec; 5(6):657-76.
Reprogramming cells and tissue patterning via bioelectrical pathways: molecular mechanisms and biomedical opportunities.
A linear-encoding model explains the variability of the target morphology in regeneration. J R Soc Interface. 2014 Mar 06; 11(92):20130918.
A linear-encoding model explains the variability of the target morphology in regeneration.
A versatile protocol for mRNA electroporation of Xenopus laevis embryos. Cold Spring Harb Protoc. 2012 Apr 01; 2012(4):447-52.
A versatile protocol for mRNA electroporation of Xenopus laevis embryos.
General principles for measuring resting membrane potential and ion concentration using fluorescent bioelectricity reporters. Cold Spring Harb Protoc. 2012 Apr 01; 2012(4):385-97.
General principles for measuring resting membrane potential and ion concentration using fluorescent bioelectricity reporters.
Transmembrane voltage potential of somatic cells controls oncogene-mediated tumorigenesis at long-range. Oncotarget. 2014 May 30; 5(10):3287-306.
Transmembrane voltage potential of somatic cells controls oncogene-mediated tumorigenesis at long-range.
Nagelkerke SQ, Tacke CE, Breunis WB, Tanck MWT, Geissler J, Png E, Hoang LT, van der Heijden J, Naim ANM, Yeung RSM, Levin ML, Wright VJ, Burgner DP, Ponsonby AL, Ellis JA, Cimaz R, Shimizu C, Burns JC, Fijnvandraat K, van der Schoot CE, van den Berg TK, de Boer M, Davila S, Hibberd ML, Kuijpers TW
Extensive Ethnic Variation and Linkage Disequilibrium at the FCGR2/3 Locus: Different Genetic Associations Revealed in Kawasaki Disease. Front Immunol. 2019; 10:185.
Extensive Ethnic Variation and Linkage Disequilibrium at the FCGR2/3 Locus: Different Genetic Associations Revealed in Kawasaki Disease.
Rios Coronado PE, Zhou J, Fan X, Zanetti D, Naftaly JA, Prabala P, Martínez Jaimes AM, Farah EN, Kundu S, Deshpande SS, Evergreen I, Kho PF, Ma Q, Hilliard AT, Abramowitz S, Pyarajan S, Dochtermann D, Damrauer SM, Chang KM, Levin MG, Winn VD, Pasca AM, Plomondon ME, Waldo SW, Tsao PS, Kundaje A, Chi NC, Clarke SL, Red-Horse K, Assimes TL
CXCL12 drives natural variation in coronary artery anatomy across diverse populations. Cell. 2025 Apr 03; 188(7):1784-1806.e22.
CXCL12 drives natural variation in coronary artery anatomy across diverse populations.
Oliva Chávez AS, Wang X, Marnin L, Archer NK, Hammond HL, Carroll EEM, Shaw DK, Tully BG, Buskirk AD, Ford SL, Butler LR, Shahi P, Morozova K, Clement CC, Lawres L, Neal AJO, Mamoun CB, Mason KL, Hobbs BE, Scoles GA, Barry EM, Sonenshine DE, Pal U, Valenzuela JG, Sztein MB, Pasetti MF, Levin ML, Kotsyfakis M, Jay SM, Huntley JF, Miller LS, Santambrogio L, Pedra JHF
Tick extracellular vesicles enable arthropod feeding and promote distinct outcomes of bacterial infection. Nat Commun. 2021 06 17; 12(1):3696.
Tick extracellular vesicles enable arthropod feeding and promote distinct outcomes of bacterial infection.
Endogenous bioelectrical networks store non-genetic patterning information during development and regeneration. J Physiol. 2014 Jun 01; 592(11):2295-305.
Endogenous bioelectrical networks store non-genetic patterning information during development and regeneration.
Optogenetic Control of Apoptosis in Targeted Tissues of Xenopus laevis Embryos. J Cell Death. 2014; 7:25-31.
Optogenetic Control of Apoptosis in Targeted Tissues of Xenopus laevis Embryos.
Molecular bioelectricity: how endogenous voltage potentials control cell behavior and instruct pattern regulation in vivo. Mol Biol Cell. 2014 Dec 01; 25(24):3835-50.
Molecular bioelectricity: how endogenous voltage potentials control cell behavior and instruct pattern regulation in vivo.
Lobo D, Feldman EB, Shah M, Malone TJ, Levin M
Limbform: a functional ontology-based database of limb regeneration experiments. Bioinformatics. 2014 Dec 15; 30(24):3598-600.
Limbform: a functional ontology-based database of limb regeneration experiments.
Özkucur N, Quinn KP, Pang JC, Du C, Georgakoudi I, Miller E, Levin M, Kaplan DL
Membrane potential depolarization causes alterations in neuron arrangement and connectivity in cocultures. Brain Behav. 2015 Jan; 5(1):24-38.
Membrane potential depolarization causes alterations in neuron arrangement and connectivity in cocultures.
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