 Xandra Owens Breakefield, PH.D.
| Title | Professor of Neurology |
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| Institution | Massachusetts General Hospital |
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| Department | Neurology |
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| Address | Massachusetts General Hospital
Neurogenetics Unit, CNY 6216
55 Fruit St
Boston MA 02114
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| Phone | 617/726-5728 |
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| Fax | 617/724-1537 |
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 Mentoring Available: 10/01/11, Expires: 10/01/13 The Breakefield laboratory has had a long term focus on glioblastoma (GBM) brain tumors. In the past few years we have shown that tumor cells release microvesicles containing mRNA and miRNA, including retrotransposon human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) sequences. We believe these microvesicles are a means for the tumor to pervert normal cells in their vicinity to support tumor growth. One of the most intact HERV sequences is K113 which retains many properties needed for integration into the genome of host cells. This project would involve using recombinant DNA methods to tag K113 sequences and to transduce GBM cells with this construct to determine whether K113 retrotransposons can be transferred via microvesicles and integrated into the genome of normal cells. We will evaluate the effect of this transfer on growth properties of normal cells in culture and test whether this process occurs in vivo in mouse tumor models. Student will carry out all experiments under supervision of a postdoctoral fellow. BEAMing PCR Diagnostics of Tumor Exosomes Summer, 07/06/09 - 09/01/10 Bibliographic
Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications.
Faculty can login to make corrections and additions.
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Prabhakar S, Taherian M, Gianni D, Conlon TJ, Fulci G, Brockmann J, Stemmer-Rachamimov A, Sena-Esteves M, Breakefield XO, Brenner GJ. Regression of schwannomas induced by adeno-associated virus-mediated delivery of caspase-1. Hum Gene Ther. 2013 Feb; 24(2):152-62.
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Kalra H, Simpson RJ, Ji H, Aikawa E, Altevogt P, Askenase P, Bond VC, Borràs FE, Breakefield X, Budnik V, Buzas E, Camussi G, Clayton A, Cocucci E, Falcon-Perez JM, Gabrielsson S, Gho YS, Gupta D, Harsha HC, Hendrix A, Hill AF, Inal JM, Jenster G, Krämer-Albers EM, Lim SK, Llorente A, Lötvall J, Marcilla A, Mincheva-Nilsson L, Nazarenko I, Nieuwland R, Nolte-'t Hoen EN, Pandey A, Patel T, Piper MG, Pluchino S, Prasad TS, Rajendran L, Raposo G, Record M, Reid GE, Sánchez-Madrid F, Schiffelers RM, Siljander P, Stensballe A, Stoorvogel W, Taylor D, Thery C, Valadi H, van Balkom BW, Vázquez J, Vidal M, Wauben MH, Yáñez-Mó M, Zoeller M, Mathivanan S. Vesiclepedia: a compendium for extracellular vesicles with continuous community annotation. PLoS Biol. 2012 Dec; 10(12):e1001450.
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Shao H, Chung J, Balaj L, Charest A, Bigner DD, Carter BS, Hochberg FH, Breakefield XO, Weissleder R, Lee H. Protein typing of circulating microvesicles allows real-time monitoring of glioblastoma therapy. Nat Med. 2012 Dec 6; 18(12):1835-40.
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Pike LS, Tannous BA, Deliolanis NC, Hsich G, Morse D, Tung CH, Sena-Esteves M, Breakefield XO. Imaging gene delivery in a mouse model of congenital neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Gene Ther. 2012 Nov; 19(11):1121.
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Mizrak A, Bolukbasi MF, Ozdener GB, Brenner GJ, Madlener S, Erkan EP, Ströbel T, Breakefield XO, Saydam O. Genetically Engineered Microvesicles Carrying Suicide mRNA/Protein Inhibit Schwannoma Tumor Growth. Mol Ther. 2013 Jan; 21(1):101-8.
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Wurdinger T, Gatson NN, Balaj L, Kaur B, Breakefield XO, Pegtel DM. Extracellular vesicles and their convergence with viral pathways. Adv Virol. 2012; 2012:767694.
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Breakefield XO. Refocus the recombinant DNA advisory committee. Nat Med. 2012 Jul; 18(7):1007.
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Lai CP, Breakefield XO. Role of exosomes/microvesicles in the nervous system and use in emerging therapies. Front Physiol. 2012; 3:228.
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Atai NA, Ryan SD, Kothary R, Breakefield XO, Nery FC. Untethering the nuclear envelope and cytoskeleton: biologically distinct dystonias arising from a common cellular dysfunction. Int J Cell Biol. 2012; 2012:634214.
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Maguire CA, Balaj L, Sivaraman S, Crommentuijn MH, Ericsson M, Mincheva-Nilsson L, Baranov V, Gianni D, Tannous BA, Sena-Esteves M, Breakefield XO, Skog J. Microvesicle-associated AAV vector as a novel gene delivery system. Mol Ther. 2012 May; 20(5):960-71.
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Bolukbasi MF, Mizrak A, Ozdener GB, Madlener S, Ströbel T, Erkan EP, Fan JB, Breakefield XO, Saydam O. miR-1289 and "Zipcode"-like Sequence Enrich mRNAs in Microvesicles. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids. 2012; 1:e10.
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Noerholm M, Balaj L, Limperg T, Salehi A, Zhu LD, Hochberg FH, Breakefield XO, Carter BS, Skog J. RNA expression patterns in serum microvesicles from patients with glioblastoma multiforme and controls. BMC Cancer. 2012; 12:22.
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Wakabayashi-Ito N, Doherty OM, Moriyama H, Breakefield XO, Gusella JF, O'Donnell JM, Ito N. Dtorsin, the Drosophila ortholog of the early-onset dystonia TOR1A (DYT1), plays a novel role in dopamine metabolism. PLoS One. 2011; 6(10):e26183.
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Pike LS, Tannous BA, Deliolanis NC, Hsich G, Morse D, Tung CH, Sena-Esteves M, Breakefield XO. Imaging gene delivery in a mouse model of congenital neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Gene Ther. 2011 Dec; 18(12):1173-8.
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Breakefield XO, Frederickson RM, Simpson RJ. Gesicles: Microvesicle "cookies" for transient information transfer between cells. Mol Ther. 2011 Sep; 19(9):1574-6.
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Nery FC, Armata IA, Farley JE, Cho JA, Yaqub U, Chen P, da Hora CC, Wang Q, Tagaya M, Klein C, Tannous B, Caldwell KA, Caldwell GA, Lencer WI, Ye Y, Breakefield XO. TorsinA participates in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation. Nat Commun. 2011; 2:393.
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van der Vos KE, Balaj L, Skog J, Breakefield XO. Brain tumor microvesicles: insights into intercellular communication in the nervous system. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2011 Aug; 31(6):949-59.
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Bowers WJ, Breakefield XO, Sena-Esteves M. Genetic therapy for the nervous system. Hum Mol Genet. 2011 Apr 15; 20(R1):R28-41.
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Deliolanis NC, Wurdinger T, Pike L, Tannous BA, Breakefield XO, Weissleder R, Ntziachristos V. In vivo tomographic imaging of red-shifted fluorescent proteins. Biomed Opt Express. 2011; 2(4):887-900.
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Erkan EP, Breakefield XO, Saydam O. miRNA signature of schwannomas: possible role(s) of "tumor suppressor" miRNAs in benign tumors. Oncotarget. 2011 Mar; 2(3):265-70.
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Balaj L, Lessard R, Dai L, Cho YJ, Pomeroy SL, Breakefield XO, Skog J. Tumour microvesicles contain retrotransposon elements and amplified oncogene sequences. Nat Commun. 2011; 2:180.
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Smits M, Mir SE, Nilsson RJ, van der Stoop PM, Niers JM, Marquez VE, Cloos J, Breakefield XO, Krichevsky AM, Noske DP, Tannous BA, Würdinger T. Down-regulation of miR-101 in endothelial cells promotes blood vessel formation through reduced repression of EZH2. PLoS One. 2011; 6(1):e16282.
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Saydam O, Senol O, Würdinger T, Mizrak A, Ozdener GB, Stemmer-Rachamimov AO, Yi M, Stephens RM, Krichevsky AM, Saydam N, Brenner GJ, Breakefield XO. miRNA-7 attenuation in Schwannoma tumors stimulates growth by upregulating three oncogenic signaling pathways. Cancer Res. 2011 Feb 1; 71(3):852-61.
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Bragg DC, Armata IA, Nery FC, Breakefield XO, Sharma N. Molecular pathways in dystonia. Neurobiol Dis. 2011 May; 42(2):136-47.
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Saydam O, Ozdener GB, Senol O, Mizrak A, Prabhakar S, Stemmer-Rachamimov AO, Breakefield XO, Brenner GJ. A novel imaging-compatible sciatic nerve schwannoma model. J Neurosci Methods. 2011 Jan 30; 195(1):75-7.
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Breakefield XO, Sena-Esteves M. Healing genes in the nervous system. Neuron. 2010 Oct 21; 68(2):178-81.
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Chen P, Burdette AJ, Porter JC, Ricketts JC, Fox SA, Nery FC, Hewett JW, Berkowitz LA, Breakefield XO, Caldwell KA, Caldwell GA. The early-onset torsion dystonia-associated protein, torsinA, is a homeostatic regulator of endoplasmic reticulum stress response. Hum Mol Genet. 2010 Sep 15; 19(18):3502-15.
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Grandi P, Fernandez J, Szentirmai O, Carter R, Gianni D, Sena-Esteves M, Breakefield XO. Targeting HSV-1 virions for specific binding to epidermal growth factor receptor-vIII-bearing tumor cells. Cancer Gene Ther. 2010 Sep; 17(9):655-63.
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Cao S, Hewett JW, Yokoi F, Lu J, Buckley AC, Burdette AJ, Chen P, Nery FC, Li Y, Breakefield XO, Caldwell GA, Caldwell KA. Chemical enhancement of torsinA function in cell and animal models of torsion dystonia. Dis Model Mech. 2010 May-Jun; 3(5-6):386-96.
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Chen C, Skog J, Hsu CH, Lessard RT, Balaj L, Wurdinger T, Carter BS, Breakefield XO, Toner M, Irimia D. Microfluidic isolation and transcriptome analysis of serum microvesicles. Lab Chip. 2010 Feb 21; 10(4):505-11.
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Prabhakar S, Brenner GJ, Sung B, Messerli SM, Mao J, Sena-Esteves M, Stemmer-Rachamimov A, Tannous B, Breakefield XO. Imaging and therapy of experimental schwannomas using HSV amplicon vector-encoding apoptotic protein under Schwann cell promoter. Cancer Gene Ther. 2010 Apr; 17(4):266-74.
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Saydam O, Shen Y, Würdinger T, Senol O, Boke E, James MF, Tannous BA, Stemmer-Rachamimov AO, Yi M, Stephens RM, Fraefel C, Gusella JF, Krichevsky AM, Breakefield XO. Downregulated microRNA-200a in meningiomas promotes tumor growth by reducing E-cadherin and activating the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Mol Cell Biol. 2009 Nov; 29(21):5923-40.
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Nilsson J, Skog J, Nordstrand A, Baranov V, Mincheva-Nilsson L, Breakefield XO, Widmark A. Prostate cancer-derived urine exosomes: a novel approach to biomarkers for prostate cancer. Br J Cancer. 2009 May 19; 100(10):1603-7.
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Tannous BA, Christensen AP, Pike L, Wurdinger T, Perry KF, Saydam O, Jacobs AH, García-Añoveros J, Weissleder R, Sena-Esteves M, Corey DP, Breakefield XO. Mutant sodium channel for tumor therapy. Mol Ther. 2009 May; 17(5):810-9.
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Skog J, Würdinger T, van Rijn S, Meijer DH, Gainche L, Sena-Esteves M, Curry WT, Carter BS, Krichevsky AM, Breakefield XO. Glioblastoma microvesicles transport RNA and proteins that promote tumour growth and provide diagnostic biomarkers. Nat Cell Biol. 2008 Dec; 10(12):1470-6.
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Würdinger T, Tannous BA, Saydam O, Skog J, Grau S, Soutschek J, Weissleder R, Breakefield XO, Krichevsky AM. miR-296 regulates growth factor receptor overexpression in angiogenic endothelial cells. Cancer Cell. 2008 Nov 4; 14(5):382-93.
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Nery FC, Zeng J, Niland BP, Hewett J, Farley J, Irimia D, Li Y, Wiche G, Sonnenberg A, Breakefield XO. TorsinA binds the KASH domain of nesprins and participates in linkage between nuclear envelope and cytoskeleton. J Cell Sci. 2008 Oct 15; 121(Pt 20):3476-86.
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Maguire CA, Meijer DH, LeRoy SG, Tierney LA, Broekman ML, Costa FF, Breakefield XO, Stemmer-Rachamimov A, Sena-Esteves M. Preventing growth of brain tumors by creating a zone of resistance. Mol Ther. 2008 Oct; 16(10):1695-702.
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Shah K, Hingtgen S, Kasmieh R, Figueiredo JL, Garcia-Garcia E, Martinez-Serrano A, Breakefield X, Weissleder R. Bimodal viral vectors and in vivo imaging reveal the fate of human neural stem cells in experimental glioma model. J Neurosci. 2008 Apr 23; 28(17):4406-13.
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Schubert M, Breakefield X, Federoff H, Frederickson RM, Lowenstein PR. Gene delivery to the nervous system. Mol Ther. 2008 Apr; 16(4):640-6.
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de Oliveira AP, Glauser DL, Laimbacher AS, Strasser R, Schraner EM, Wild P, Ziegler U, Breakefield XO, Ackermann M, Fraefel C. Live visualization of herpes simplex virus type 1 compartment dynamics. J Virol. 2008 May; 82(10):4974-90.
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Breakefield XO, Blood AJ, Li Y, Hallett M, Hanson PI, Standaert DG. The pathophysiological basis of dystonias. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2008 Mar; 9(3):222-34.
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Hewett JW, Nery FC, Niland B, Ge P, Tan P, Hadwiger P, Tannous BA, Sah DW, Breakefield XO. siRNA knock-down of mutant torsinA restores processing through secretory pathway in DYT1 dystonia cells. Hum Mol Genet. 2008 May 15; 17(10):1436-45.
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Wurdinger T, Badr C, Pike L, de Kleine R, Weissleder R, Breakefield XO, Tannous BA. A secreted luciferase for ex vivo monitoring of in vivo processes. Nat Methods. 2008 Feb; 5(2):171-3.
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Cortés ML, Oehmig A, Saydam O, Sanford JD, Perry KF, Fraefel C, Breakefield XO. Targeted integration of functional human ATM cDNA into genome mediated by HSV/AAV hybrid amplicon vector. Mol Ther. 2008 Jan; 16(1):81-8.
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Badr CE, Hewett JW, Breakefield XO, Tannous BA. A highly sensitive assay for monitoring the secretory pathway and ER stress. PLoS One. 2007; 2(6):e571.
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Jeong KH, Bakowska JC, Song IO, Fu N, Breakefield XO, Kaiser UB. Improvement in reproductive parameters in hypogonadal female mice by regulated gene replacement therapy in the central nervous system. Gene Ther. 2007 Jul; 14(14):1092-101.
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Balcioglu A, Kim MO, Sharma N, Cha JH, Breakefield XO, Standaert DG. Dopamine release is impaired in a mouse model of DYT1 dystonia. J Neurochem. 2007 Aug; 102(3):783-8.
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Oehmig A, Cortés ML, Perry KF, Sena-Esteves M, Fraefel C, Breakefield XO. Integration of active human beta-galactosidase gene (100 kb) into genome using HSV/AAV amplicon vector. Gene Ther. 2007 Jul; 14(14):1078-91.
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Hewett JW, Tannous B, Niland BP, Nery FC, Zeng J, Li Y, Breakefield XO. Mutant torsinA interferes with protein processing through the secretory pathway in DYT1 dystonia cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Apr 24; 104(17):7271-6.
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Prabhakar S, Messerli SM, Stemmer-Rachamimov AO, Liu TC, Rabkin S, Martuza R, Breakefield XO. Treatment of implantable NF2 schwannoma tumor models with oncolytic herpes simplex virus G47Delta. Cancer Gene Ther. 2007 May; 14(5):460-7.
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Bahn E, Siegert S, Pfander T, Kramer ML, Schulz-Schaeffer WJ, Hewett JW, Breakefield XO, Hedreen JC, Rostásy KM. TorsinB expression in the developing human brain. Brain Res. 2006 Oct 20; 1116(1):112-9.
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Cortés ML, Oehmig A, Perry KF, Sanford JD, Breakefield XO. Expression of human ATM cDNA in Atm-deficient mouse brain mediated by HSV-1 amplicon vector. Neuroscience. 2006 Sep 1; 141(3):1247-56.
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Shah K, Breakefield XO. HSV amplicon vectors for cancer therapy. Curr Gene Ther. 2006 Jun; 6(3):361-70.
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Tannous BA, Grimm J, Perry KF, Chen JW, Weissleder R, Breakefield XO. Metabolic biotinylation of cell surface receptors for in vivo imaging. Nat Methods. 2006 May; 3(5):391-6.
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Kock N, Naismith TV, Boston HE, Ozelius LJ, Corey DP, Breakefield XO, Hanson PI. Effects of genetic variations in the dystonia protein torsinA: identification of polymorphism at residue 216 as protein modifier. Hum Mol Genet. 2006 Apr 15; 15(8):1355-64.
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McKee TD, Grandi P, Mok W, Alexandrakis G, Insin N, Zimmer JP, Bawendi MG, Boucher Y, Breakefield XO, Jain RK. Degradation of fibrillar collagen in a human melanoma xenograft improves the efficacy of an oncolytic herpes simplex virus vector. Cancer Res. 2006 Mar 1; 66(5):2509-13.
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Vasudevan A, Breakefield XO, Bhide PG. Developmental patterns of torsinA and torsinB expression. Brain Res. 2006 Feb 16; 1073-1074:139-45.
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Messerli SM, Prabhakar S, Tang Y, Mahmood U, Giovannini M, Weissleder R, Bronson R, Martuza R, Rabkin S, Breakefield XO. Treatment of schwannomas with an oncolytic recombinant herpes simplex virus in murine models of neurofibromatosis type 2. Hum Gene Ther. 2006 Jan; 17(1):20-30.
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Hewett JW, Zeng J, Niland BP, Bragg DC, Breakefield XO. Dystonia-causing mutant torsinA inhibits cell adhesion and neurite extension through interference with cytoskeletal dynamics. Neurobiol Dis. 2006 Apr; 22(1):98-111.
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Kock N, Allchorne AJ, Sena-Esteves M, Woolf CJ, Breakefield XO. RNAi blocks DYT1 mutant torsinA inclusions in neurons. Neurosci Lett. 2006 Mar 13; 395(3):201-5.
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Brown AB, Mahmood U, Cortes ML, Tang Y, Dai G, Stemmer-Rachamimov A, Prabhakar S, Leishear K, Onda H, Kwiatkowski D, Weissleder R, Breakefield X. Magnetic resonance imaging and characterization of spontaneous lesions in a transgenic mouse model of tuberous sclerosis as a model for endothelial cell-based transgene delivery. Hum Gene Ther. 2005 Dec; 16(12):1367-76.
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Shah K, Tung CH, Breakefield XO, Weissleder R. In vivo imaging of S-TRAIL-mediated tumor regression and apoptosis. Mol Ther. 2005 Jun; 11(6):926-31.
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Sharma N, Baxter MG, Petravicz J, Bragg DC, Schienda A, Standaert DG, Breakefield XO. Impaired motor learning in mice expressing torsinA with the DYT1 dystonia mutation. J Neurosci. 2005 Jun 1; 25(22):5351-5.
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Siegert S, Bahn E, Kramer ML, Schulz-Schaeffer WJ, Hewett JW, Breakefield XO, Hedreen JC, Rostasy KM. TorsinA expression is detectable in human infants as young as 4 weeks old. Brain Res Dev Brain Res. 2005 Jun 9; 157(1):19-26.
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Tannous BA, Kim DE, Fernandez JL, Weissleder R, Breakefield XO. Codon-optimized Gaussia luciferase cDNA for mammalian gene expression in culture and in vivo. Mol Ther. 2005 Mar; 11(3):435-43.
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Shah K, Bureau E, Kim DE, Yang K, Tang Y, Weissleder R, Breakefield XO. Glioma therapy and real-time imaging of neural precursor cell migration and tumor regression. Ann Neurol. 2005 Jan; 57(1):34-41.
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Oehmig A, Fraefel C, Breakefield XO, Ackermann M. Herpes simplex virus type 1 amplicons and their hybrid virus partners, EBV, AAV, and retrovirus. Curr Gene Ther. 2004 Dec; 4(4):385-408.
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Bragg DC, Kaufman CA, Kock N, Breakefield XO. Inhibition of N-linked glycosylation prevents inclusion formation by the dystonia-related mutant form of torsinA. Mol Cell Neurosci. 2004 Dec; 27(4):417-26.
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Oehmig A, Fraefel C, Breakefield XO. Update on herpesvirus amplicon vectors. Mol Ther. 2004 Oct; 10(4):630-43.
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Shah K, Jacobs A, Breakefield XO, Weissleder R. Molecular imaging of gene therapy for cancer. Gene Ther. 2004 Aug; 11(15):1175-87.
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Kamm C, Leung J, Joseph S, Dobyns WB, Brashear A, Breakefield XO, Ozelius LJ. Refined linkage to the RDP/DYT12 locus on 19q13.2 and evaluation of GRIK5 as a candidate gene. Mov Disord. 2004 Jul; 19(7):845-7.
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Grandi P, Spear M, Breakefield XO, Wang S. Targeting HSV amplicon vectors. Methods. 2004 Jun; 33(2):179-86.
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Hewett JW, Kamm C, Boston H, Beauchamp R, Naismith T, Ozelius L, Hanson PI, Breakefield XO, Ramesh V. TorsinB--perinuclear location and association with torsinA. J Neurochem. 2004 Jun; 89(5):1186-94.
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Naismith TV, Heuser JE, Breakefield XO, Hanson PI. TorsinA in the nuclear envelope. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 May 18; 101(20):7612-7.
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Shah K, Tung CH, Yang K, Weissleder R, Breakefield XO. Inducible release of TRAIL fusion proteins from a proapoptotic form for tumor therapy. Cancer Res. 2004 May 1; 64(9):3236-42.
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Lafreniere RG, MacDonald ML, Dube MP, MacFarlane J, O'Driscoll M, Brais B, Meilleur S, Brinkman RR, Dadivas O, Pape T, Platon C, Radomski C, Risler J, Thompson J, Guerra-Escobio AM, Davar G, Breakefield XO, Pimstone SN, Green R, Pryse-Phillips W, Goldberg YP, Younghusband HB, Hayden MR, Sherrington R, Rouleau GA, Samuels ME. Identification of a novel gene (HSN2) causing hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type II through the Study of Canadian Genetic Isolates. Am J Hum Genet. 2004 May; 74(5):1064-73.
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Bagley J, Cortes ML, Breakefield XO, Iacomini J. Bone marrow transplantation restores immune system function and prevents lymphoma in Atm-deficient mice. Blood. 2004 Jul 15; 104(2):572-8.
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Grandi P, Wang S, Schuback D, Krasnykh V, Spear M, Curiel DT, Manservigi R, Breakefield XO. HSV-1 virions engineered for specific binding to cell surface receptors. Mol Ther. 2004 Mar; 9(3):419-27.
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Shah K, Hsich G, Breakefield XO. Neural precursor cells and their role in neuro-oncology. Dev Neurosci. 2004 Mar-Aug; 26(2-4):118-30.
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Messerli SM, Prabhakar S, Tang Y, Shah K, Cortes ML, Murthy V, Weissleder R, Breakefield XO, Tung CH. A novel method for imaging apoptosis using a caspase-1 near-infrared fluorescent probe. Neoplasia. 2004 Mar-Apr; 6(2):95-105.
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Kamm C, Boston H, Hewett J, Wilbur J, Corey DP, Hanson PI, Ramesh V, Breakefield XO. The early onset dystonia protein torsinA interacts with kinesin light chain 1. J Biol Chem. 2004 May 7; 279(19):19882-92.
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Kabakci K, Hedrich K, Leung JC, Mitterer M, Vieregge P, Lencer R, Hagenah J, Garrels J, Witt K, Klostermann F, Svetel M, Friedman J, Kostic V, Bressman SB, Breakefield XO, Ozelius LJ, Pramstaller PP, Klein C. Mutations in DYT1: extension of the phenotypic and mutational spectrum. Neurology. 2004 Feb 10; 62(3):395-400.
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Augood SJ, Hollingsworth Z, Albers DS, Yang L, Leung J, Breakefield XO, Standaert DG. Dopamine transmission in DYT1 dystonia. Adv Neurol. 2004; 94:53-60.
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Bragg DC, Slater DJ, Breakefield XO. TorsinA and early-onset torsion dystonia. Adv Neurol. 2004; 94:87-93.
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Shah K, Tung CH, Chang CH, Slootweg E, O'Loughlin T, Breakefield XO, Weissleder R. In vivo imaging of HIV protease activity in amplicon vector-transduced gliomas. Cancer Res. 2004 Jan 1; 64(1):273-8.
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Bragg DC, Camp SM, Kaufman CA, Wilbur JD, Boston H, Schuback DE, Hanson PI, Sena-Esteves M, Breakefield XO. Perinuclear biogenesis of mutant torsin-A inclusions in cultured cells infected with tetracycline-regulated herpes simplex virus type 1 amplicon vectors. Neuroscience. 2004; 125(3):651-61.
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Brown AB, Yang W, Schmidt NO, Carroll R, Leishear KK, Rainov NG, Black PM, Breakefield XO, Aboody KS. Intravascular delivery of neural stem cell lines to target intracranial and extracranial tumors of neural and non-neural origin. Hum Gene Ther. 2003 Dec 10; 14(18):1777-85.
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Shah K, Tang Y, Breakefield X, Weissleder R. Real-time imaging of TRAIL-induced apoptosis of glioma tumors in vivo. Oncogene. 2003 Oct 9; 22(44):6865-72.
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Augood SJ, Keller-McGandy CE, Siriani A, Hewett J, Ramesh V, Sapp E, DiFiglia M, Breakefield XO, Standaert DG. Distribution and ultrastructural localization of torsinA immunoreactivity in the human brain. Brain Res. 2003 Oct 3; 986(1-2):12-21.
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Yoshimura S, Teramoto T, Whalen MJ, Irizarry MC, Takagi Y, Qiu J, Harada J, Waeber C, Breakefield XO, Moskowitz MA. FGF-2 regulates neurogenesis and degeneration in the dentate gyrus after traumatic brain injury in mice. J Clin Invest. 2003 Oct; 112(8):1202-10.
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Bakowska JC, Di Maria MV, Camp SM, Wang Y, Allen PD, Breakefield XO. Targeted transgene integration into transgenic mouse fibroblasts carrying the full-length human AAVS1 locus mediated by HSV/AAV rep(+) hybrid amplicon vector. Gene Ther. 2003 Sep; 10(19):1691-702.
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Tang Y, Shah K, Messerli SM, Snyder E, Breakefield X, Weissleder R. In vivo tracking of neural progenitor cell migration to glioblastomas. Hum Gene Ther. 2003 Sep 1; 14(13):1247-54.
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Cortés ML, Bakkenist CJ, Di Maria MV, Kastan MB, Breakefield XO. HSV-1 amplicon vector-mediated expression of ATM cDNA and correction of the ataxia-telangiectasia cellular phenotype. Gene Ther. 2003 Aug; 10(16):1321-7.
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Wang S, Petravicz J, Breakefield XO. Single HSV-amplicon vector mediates drug-induced gene expression via dimerizer system. Mol Ther. 2003 Jun; 7(6):790-800.
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Simon DK, Friedman J, Breakefield XO, Jankovic J, Brin MF, Provias J, Bressman SB, Charness ME, Tarsy D, Johns DR, Tarnopolsky MA. A heteroplasmic mitochondrial complex I gene mutation in adult-onset dystonia. Neurogenetics. 2003 Aug; 4(4):199-205.
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Davidson BL, Breakefield XO. Viral vectors for gene delivery to the nervous system. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2003 May; 4(5):353-64.
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Hampl JA, Camp SM, Mydlarz WK, Hampl M, Ichikawa T, Chiocca EA, Louis DN, Sena-Esteves M, Breakefield XO. Potentiated gene delivery to tumors using herpes simplex virus/Epstein-Barr virus/RV tribrid amplicon vectors. Hum Gene Ther. 2003 May 1; 14(7):611-26.
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Hewett J, Ziefer P, Bergeron D, Naismith T, Boston H, Slater D, Wilbur J, Schuback D, Kamm C, Smith N, Camp S, Ozelius LJ, Ramesh V, Hanson PI, Breakefield XO. TorsinA in PC12 cells: localization in the endoplasmic reticulum and response to stress. J Neurosci Res. 2003 Apr 15; 72(2):158-68.
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Rostasy K, Augood SJ, Hewett JW, Leung JC, Sasaki H, Ozelius LJ, Ramesh V, Standaert DG, Breakefield XO, Hedreen JC. TorsinA protein and neuropathology in early onset generalized dystonia with GAG deletion. Neurobiol Dis. 2003 Feb; 12(1):11-24.
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Spear MA, Schuback D, Miyata K, Grandi P, Sun F, Yoo L, Nguyen A, Brandt CR, Breakefield XO. HSV-1 amplicon peptide display vector. J Virol Methods. 2003 Jan; 107(1):71-9.
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Doheny D, Danisi F, Smith C, Morrison C, Velickovic M, De Leon D, Bressman SB, Leung J, Ozelius L, Klein C, Breakefield XO, Brin MF, Silverman JM. Clinical findings of a myoclonus-dystonia family with two distinct mutations. Neurology. 2002 Oct 22; 59(8):1244-6.
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Augood SJ, Hollingsworth Z, Albers DS, Yang L, Leung JC, Muller B, Klein C, Breakefield XO, Standaert DG. Dopamine transmission in DYT1 dystonia: a biochemical and autoradiographical study. Neurology. 2002 Aug 13; 59(3):445-8.
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Pal PK, Leung J, Hedrich K, Samii A, Lieberman A, Nausieda PA, Calne DB, Breakefield XO, Klein C, Stoessl AJ. [18F]-Dopa positron emission tomography imaging in early-stage, non-parkin juvenile parkinsonism. Mov Disord. 2002 Jul; 17(4):789-94.
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Ziefer P, Leung J, Razzano T, Shalish C, LeDoux MS, Lorden JF, Ozelius L, Breakefield XO, Standaert DG, Augood SJ. Molecular cloning and expression of rat torsinA in the normal and genetically dystonic (dt) rat. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 2002 May 30; 101(1-2):132-5.
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Opal P, Tintner R, Jankovic J, Leung J, Breakefield XO, Friedman J, Ozelius L. Intrafamilial phenotypic variability of the DYT1 dystonia: from asymptomatic TOR1A gene carrier status to dystonic storm. Mov Disord. 2002 Mar; 17(2):339-45.
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Sharma N, Hewett J, Ozelius LJ, Ramesh V, McLean PJ, Breakefield XO, Hyman BT. A close association of torsinA and alpha-synuclein in Lewy bodies: a fluorescence resonance energy transfer study. Am J Pathol. 2001 Jul; 159(1):339-44.
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Leung JC, Klein C, Friedman J, Vieregge P, Jacobs H, Doheny D, Kamm C, DeLeon D, Pramstaller PP, Penney JB, Eisengart M, Jankovic J, Gasser T, Bressman SB, Corey DP, Kramer P, Brin MF, Ozelius LJ, Breakefield XO. Novel mutation in the TOR1A (DYT1) gene in atypical early onset dystonia and polymorphisms in dystonia and early onset parkinsonism. Neurogenetics. 2001 Jul; 3(3):133-43.
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Friedman JR, Klein C, Leung J, Woodward H, Ozelius LJ, Breakefield XO, Charness ME. The GAG deletion of the DYT1 gene is infrequent in musicians with focal dystonia. Neurology. 2000 Nov 14; 55(9):1417-8.
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Aboody KS, Brown A, Rainov NG, Bower KA, Liu S, Yang W, Small JE, Herrlinger U, Ourednik V, Black PM, Breakefield XO, Snyder EY. Neural stem cells display extensive tropism for pathology in adult brain: evidence from intracranial gliomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Nov 7; 97(23):12846-51.
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Klein C, Pramstaller PP, Kis B, Page CC, Kann M, Leung J, Woodward H, Castellan CC, Scherer M, Vieregge P, Breakefield XO, Kramer PL, Ozelius LJ. Parkin deletions in a family with adult-onset, tremor-dominant parkinsonism: expanding the phenotype. Ann Neurol. 2000 Jul; 48(1):65-71.
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Hewett J, Gonzalez-Agosti C, Slater D, Ziefer P, Li S, Bergeron D, Jacoby DJ, Ozelius LJ, Ramesh V, Breakefield XO. Mutant torsinA, responsible for early-onset torsion dystonia, forms membrane inclusions in cultured neural cells. Hum Mol Genet. 2000 May 22; 9(9):1403-13.
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Sena-Esteves M, Camp SM, Alroy J, Breakefield XO, Kaye EM. Correction of acid beta-galactosidase deficiency in GM1 gangliosidosis human fibroblasts by retrovirus vector-mediated gene transfer: higher efficiency of release and cross-correction by the murine enzyme. Hum Gene Ther. 2000 Mar 20; 11(5):715-27.
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Wang Y, Fraefel C, Protasi F, Moore RA, Fessenden JD, Pessah IN, DiFrancesco A, Breakefield X, Allen PD. HSV-1 amplicon vectors are a highly efficient gene delivery system for skeletal muscle myoblasts and myotubes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2000 Mar; 278(3):C619-26.
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Klein C, Gurvich N, Sena-Esteves M, Bressman S, Brin MF, Ebersole BJ, Fink S, Forsgren L, Friedman J, Grimes D, Holmgren G, Kyllerman M, Lang AE, de Leon D, Leung J, Prioleau C, Raymond D, Sanner G, Saunders-Pullman R, Vieregge P, Wahlström J, Breakefield XO, Kramer PL, Ozelius LJ, Sealfon SC. Evaluation of the role of the D2 dopamine receptor in myoclonus dystonia. Ann Neurol. 2000 Mar; 47(3):369-73.
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Aghi M, Kramm CM, Breakefield XO. RESPONSE: Re: Folylpolyglutamyl Synthetase Gene Transfer and Glioma Antifolate Sensitivity in Culture and In Vivo. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1999 Dec 1; 91(23):2048-2049.
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Bearer EL, Schlief ML, Breakefield XO, Schuback DE, Reese TS, LaVail JH. Squid axoplasm supports the retrograde axonal transport of herpes simplex virus. Biol Bull. 1999 Oct; 197(2):257-8.
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Aghi M, Chou TC, Suling K, Breakefield XO, Chiocca EA. Multimodal cancer treatment mediated by a replicating oncolytic virus that delivers the oxazaphosphorine/rat cytochrome P450 2B1 and ganciclovir/herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene therapies. Cancer Res. 1999 Aug 15; 59(16):3861-5.
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Derby ML, Sena-Esteves M, Breakefield XO, Corey DP. Gene transfer into the mammalian inner ear using HSV-1 and vaccinia virus vectors. Hear Res. 1999 Aug; 134(1-2):1-8.
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Klein C, Vieregge P, Hagenah J, Sieberer M, Doyle E, Jacobs H, Gasser T, Breakefield XO, Risch NJ, Ozelius LJ. Search for the PARK3 founder haplotype in a large cohort of patients with Parkinson's disease from northern Germany. Ann Hum Genet. 1999 Jul; 63(Pt 4):285-91.
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Jacobs A, Dubrovin M, Hewett J, Sena-Esteves M, Tan CW, Slack M, Sadelain M, Breakefield XO, Tjuvajev JG. Functional coexpression of HSV-1 thymidine kinase and green fluorescent protein: implications for noninvasive imaging of transgene expression. Neoplasia. 1999 Jun; 1(2):154-61.
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Pechan PA, Herrlinger U, Aghi M, Jacobs A, Breakefield XO. Combined HSV-1 recombinant and amplicon piggyback vectors: replication-competent and defective forms, and therapeutic efficacy for experimental gliomas. J Gene Med. 1999 May-Jun; 1(3):176-85.
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Blumenfeld A, Slaugenhaupt SA, Liebert CB, Temper V, Maayan C, Gill S, Lucente DE, Idelson M, MacCormack K, Monahan MA, Mull J, Leyne M, Mendillo M, Schiripo T, Mishori E, Breakefield X, Axelrod FB, Gusella JF. Precise genetic mapping and haplotype analysis of the familial dysautonomia gene on human chromosome 9q31. Am J Hum Genet. 1999 Apr; 64(4):1110-8.
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Schuback DE, Mulligan EL, Sims KB, Tivol EA, Greenberg BD, Chang SF, Yang SL, Mau YC, Shen CY, Ho MS, Yang NH, Butler MG, Fink S, Schwartz CE, Berlin F, Breakefield XO, Murphy DL, Hsu YP. Screen for MAOA mutations in target human groups. Am J Med Genet. 1999 Feb 5; 88(1):25-8.
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Klein C, Page CE, LeWitt P, Gordon MF, de Leon D, Awaad Y, Breakefield XO, Brin MF, Ozelius LJ. Genetic analysis of three patients with an 18p- syndrome and dystonia. Neurology. 1999 Feb; 52(3):649-51.
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Barnett FH, Rainov NG, Ikeda K, Schuback DE, Elliott P, Kramm CM, Chase M, Qureshi NH, Harsh G, Chiocca EA, Breakefield XO. Selective delivery of herpes virus vectors to experimental brain tumors using RMP-7. Cancer Gene Ther. 1999 Jan-Feb; 6(1):14-20.
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Klein C, Vieregge P, Heide W, Kemper B, Hagedorn-Greiwe M, Hagenah J, Vollmer C, Breakefield XO, Kömpf D, Ozelius L. Exclusion of chromosome regions 6p12 and 15q11, but not chromosome region 7p11, in a German family with autosomal dominant congenital nystagmus. Genomics. 1998 Nov 15; 54(1):176-7.
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Klein C, Pramstaller PP, Castellan CC, Breakefield XO, Kramer PL, Ozelius LJ. Clinical and genetic evaluation of a family with a mixed dystonia phenotype from South Tyrol. Ann Neurol. 1998 Sep; 44(3):394-8.
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Rainov NG, Dobberstein KU, Sena-Esteves M, Herrlinger U, Kramm CM, Philpot RM, Hilton J, Chiocca EA, Breakefield XO. New prodrug activation gene therapy for cancer using cytochrome P450 4B1 and 2-aminoanthracene/4-ipomeanol. Hum Gene Ther. 1998 Jun 10; 9(9):1261-73.
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Bagley J, Aboody-Guterman K, Breakefield X, Iacomini J. Long-term expression of the gene encoding green fluorescent protein in murine hematopoietic cells using retroviral gene transfer. Transplantation. 1998 May 15; 65(9):1233-40.
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Augood SJ, Penney JB, Friberg IK, Breakefield XO, Young AB, Ozelius LJ, Standaert DG. Expression of the early-onset torsion dystonia gene (DYT1) in human brain. Ann Neurol. 1998 May; 43(5):669-73.
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Rainov NG, Dobberstein KU, Heidecke V, Dorant U, Chase M, Kramm CM, Chiocca EA, Breakefield XO. Long-term survival in a rodent brain tumor model by bradykinin-enhanced intra-arterial delivery of a therapeutic herpes simplex virus vector. Cancer Gene Ther. 1998 May-Jun; 5(3):158-62.
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Aghi M, Kramm CM, Chou TC, Breakefield XO, Chiocca EA. Synergistic anticancer effects of ganciclovir/thymidine kinase and 5-fluorocytosine/cytosine deaminase gene therapies. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1998 Mar 4; 90(5):370-80.
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Murphy DL, Sims K, Eisenhofer G, Greenberg BD, George T, Berlin F, Zametkin A, Ernst M, Breakefield XO. Are MAO-A deficiency states in the general population and in putative high-risk populations highly uncommon? J Neural Transm Suppl. 1998; 52:29-38.
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Brashear A, Butler IJ, Ozelius LJ, Kramer PI, Farlow MR, Breakefield XO, Dobyns WB. Rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism: a report of clinical, biochemical, and genetic studies in two families. Adv Neurol. 1998; 78:335-9.
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Rainov NG, Sena-Esteves M, Fraefel C, Dobberstein KU, Chiocca EA, Breakefield XO. A chimeric fusion protein of cytochrome CYP4B1 and green fluorescent protein for detection of pro-drug activating gene delivery and for gene therapy in malignant glioma. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1998; 451:393-403.
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Bressman SB, de Leon D, Raymond D, Greene PE, Brin MF, Fahn S, Ozelius LJ, Breakefield XO, Kramer PL, Risch NJ. The role of the DYT1 gene in secondary dystonia. Adv Neurol. 1998; 78:107-15.
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Herrlinger U, Kramm CM, Johnston KM, Louis DN, Finkelstein D, Reznikoff G, Dranoff G, Breakefield XO, Yu JS. Vaccination for experimental gliomas using GM-CSF-transduced glioma cells. Cancer Gene Ther. 1997 Nov-Dec; 4(6):345-52.
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Bressman SB, de Leon D, Raymond D, Greene PE, Brin MF, Fahn S, Ozelius LJ, Breakefield XO, Kramer PL, Risch NJ. Secondary dystonia and the DYTI gene. Neurology. 1997 Jun; 48(6):1571-7.
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Kaye EM, Shalish C, Livermore J, Taylor HA, Stevenson RE, Breakefield XO. beta-Galactosidase gene mutations in patients with slowly progressive GM1 gangliosidosis. J Child Neurol. 1997 Jun; 12(4):242-7.
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Ozelius LJ, Hewett J, Kramer P, Bressman SB, Shalish C, de Leon D, Rutter M, Risch N, Brin MF, Markova ED, Limborska SA, Ivanova-Smolenskaya IA, McCormick MK, Fahn S, Buckler AJ, Gusella JF, Breakefield XO. Fine localization of the torsion dystonia gene (DYT1) on human chromosome 9q34: YAC map and linkage disequilibrium. Genome Res. 1997 May; 7(5):483-94.
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Rage F, Hill DF, Sena-Esteves M, Breakefield XO, Coffey RJ, Costa ME, McCann SM, Ojeda SR. Targeting transforming growth factor alpha expression to discrete loci of the neuroendocrine brain induces female sexual precocity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Mar 18; 94(6):2735-40.
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Johnston KM, Jacoby D, Pechan PA, Fraefel C, Borghesani P, Schuback D, Dunn RJ, Smith FI, Breakefield XO. HSV/AAV hybrid amplicon vectors extend transgene expression in human glioma cells. Hum Gene Ther. 1997 Feb 10; 8(3):359-70.
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Zimmer C, Wright SC, Engelhardt RT, Johnson GA, Kramm C, Breakefield XO, Weissleder R. Tumor cell endocytosis imaging facilitates delineation of the glioma-brain interface. Exp Neurol. 1997 Jan; 143(1):61-9.
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Yu JS, Sena-Esteves M, Paulus W, Breakefield XO, Reeves SA. Retroviral delivery and tetracycline-dependent expression of IL-1beta-converting enzyme (ICE) in a rat glioma model provides controlled induction of apoptotic death in tumor cells. Cancer Res. 1996 Dec 1; 56(23):5423-7.
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Pechan PA, Fotaki M, Thompson RL, Dunn R, Chase M, Chiocca EA, Breakefield XO. A novel 'piggyback' packaging system for herpes simplex virus amplicon vectors. Hum Gene Ther. 1996 Oct 20; 7(16):2003-13.
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Kramm CM, Rainov NG, Sena-Esteves M, Barnett FH, Chase M, Herrlinger U, Pechan PA, Chiocca EA, Breakefield XO. Long-term survival in a rodent model of disseminated brain tumors by combined intrathecal delivery of herpes vectors and ganciclovir treatment. Hum Gene Ther. 1996 Oct 20; 7(16):1989-94.
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Rainov NG, Kramm CM, Aboody-Guterman K, Chase M, Ueki K, Louis DN, Harsh GR, Chiocca A, Breakefield XO. Retrovirus-mediated gene therapy of experimental brain neoplasms using the herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase/ganciclovir paradigm. Cancer Gene Ther. 1996 Mar-Apr; 3(2):99-106.
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Gasser T, Bove CM, Ozelius LJ, Hallett M, Charness ME, Hochberg FH, Breakefield XO. Haplotype analysis at the DYT1 locus in Ashkenazi Jewish patients with occupational hand dystonia. Mov Disord. 1996 Mar; 11(2):163-6.
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Tivol EA, Shalish C, Schuback DE, Hsu YP, Breakefield XO. Mutational analysis of the human MAOA gene. Am J Med Genet. 1996 Feb 16; 67(1):92-7.
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Kramm CM, Rainov NG, Sena-Esteves M, Chase M, Pechan PA, Chiocca EA, Breakefield XO. Herpes vector-mediated delivery of marker genes to disseminated central nervous system tumors. Hum Gene Ther. 1996 Feb 10; 7(3):291-300.
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Battinelli EM, Boyd Y, Craig IW, Breakefield XO, Chen ZY. Characterization and mapping of the mouse NDP (Norrie disease) locus (Ndp). Mamm Genome. 1996 Feb; 7(2):93-7.
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Gasser T, Wszolek Z, Supala A, Trofatter J, Ozelius L, Uitti RJ, Pfeiffer RF, Gusella J, Calne D, Breakefield XO. Genetic linkage studies in autosomal dominantly inherited L-DOPA responsive parkinsonism. Evaluation of candidate genes. Adv Neurol. 1996; 69:87-95.
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Paulus W, Baur I, Boyce FM, Breakefield XO, Reeves SA. Self-contained, tetracycline-regulated retroviral vector system for gene delivery to mammalian cells. J Virol. 1996 Jan; 70(1):62-7.
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Rainov NG, Zimmer C, Chase M, Kramm CM, Chiocca EA, Weissleder R, Breakefield XO. Selective uptake of viral and monocrystalline particles delivered intra-arterially to experimental brain neoplasms. Hum Gene Ther. 1995 Dec; 6(12):1543-52.
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Muldoon LL, Nilaver G, Kroll RA, Pagel MA, Breakefield XO, Chiocca EA, Davidson BL, Weissleder R, Neuwelt EA. Comparison of intracerebral inoculation and osmotic blood-brain barrier disruption for delivery of adenovirus, herpesvirus, and iron oxide particles to normal rat brain. Am J Pathol. 1995 Dec; 147(6):1840-51.
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Davar G, Bebrin WR, Day R, Breakefield XO. Gene delivery to mouse sensory neurons with herpes simplex virus: a model for postherpetic neuralgia and its treatment? Neurology. 1995 Dec; 45(12 Suppl 8):S69.
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Nilaver G, Muldoon LL, Kroll RA, Pagel MA, Breakefield XO, Davidson BL, Neuwelt EA. Delivery of herpesvirus and adenovirus to nude rat intracerebral tumors after osmotic blood-brain barrier disruption. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Oct 10; 92(21):9829-33.
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Wei MX, Tamiya T, Rhee RJ, Breakefield XO, Chiocca EA. Diffusible cytotoxic metabolites contribute to the in vitro bystander effect associated with the cyclophosphamide/cytochrome P450 2B1 cancer gene therapy paradigm. Clin Cancer Res. 1995 Oct; 1(10):1171-7.
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Kramm CM, Sena-Esteves M, Barnett FH, Rainov NG, Schuback DE, Yu JS, Pechan PA, Paulus W, Chiocca EA, Breakefield XO. Gene therapy for brain tumors. Brain Pathol. 1995 Oct; 5(4):345-81.
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Tamiya T, Wei MX, Chase M, Ono Y, Lee F, Breakefield XO, Chiocca EA. Transgene inheritance and retroviral infection contribute to the efficiency of gene expression in solid tumors inoculated with retroviral vector producer cells. Gene Ther. 1995 Oct; 2(8):531-8.
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Yoshimoto Y, Lin Q, Collier TJ, Frim DM, Breakefield XO, Bohn MC. Astrocytes retrovirally transduced with BDNF elicit behavioral improvement in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Brain Res. 1995 Sep 11; 691(1-2):25-36.
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Holmgren G, Ozelius L, Forsgren L, Almay BG, Holmberg M, Kramer P, Fahn S, Breakefield XO. Adult onset idiopathic torsion dystonia is excluded from the DYT 1 region (9q34) in a Swedish family. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1995 Aug; 59(2):178-81.
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Pechan PA, Yoshida T, Panahian N, Moskowitz MA, Breakefield XO. Genetically modified fibroblasts producing NGF protect hippocampal neurons after ischemia in the rat. Neuroreport. 1995 Mar 7; 6(4):669-72.
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Slaugenhaupt SA, Blumenfeld A, Liebert CB, Mull J, Lucente DE, Monahan M, Breakefield XO, Maayan C, Parada L, Axelrod FB, et al. The human gene for neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 2 (NTRK2) is located on chromosome 9 but is not the familial dysautonomia gene. Genomics. 1995 Feb 10; 25(3):730-2.
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Risch N, de Leon D, Ozelius L, Kramer P, Almasy L, Singer B, Fahn S, Breakefield X, Bressman S. Genetic analysis of idiopathic torsion dystonia in Ashkenazi Jews and their recent descent from a small founder population. Nat Genet. 1995 Feb; 9(2):152-9.
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Isacson O, Frim DM, Galpern WR, Tatter SB, Breakefield XO, Schumacher JM. Cell-mediated delivery of neurotrophic factors and neuroprotection in the neostriatum and substantia nigra. Restor Neurol Neurosci. 1995 Jan 1; 8(1):59-61.
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Blumenfeld A, Lucente DE, Trofatter JA, Lerner T, Slaugenhaupt SA, Liebert CB, Monahan M, Haines JL, Gusella JF, Breakefield XO, Parysek LM. Peripherin gene is linked to keratin 18 gene on human chromosome 12. Somat Cell Mol Genet. 1995 Jan; 21(1):83-8.
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Schuback DE, Chen ZY, Craig IW, Breakefield XO, Sims KB. Mutations in the Norrie disease gene. Hum Mutat. 1995; 5(4):285-92.
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Chen ZY, Denney RM, Breakefield XO. Norrie disease and MAO genes: nearest neighbors. Hum Mol Genet. 1995; 4 Spec No:1729-37.
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Smith F, Jacoby D, Breakefield XO. Virus vectors for gene delivery to the nervous system. Restor Neurol Neurosci. 1995 Jan 1; 8(1):21-34.
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Hsu YP, Schuback DE, Tivol EA, Shalish C, Murphy DL, Breakefield XO. Analysis of MAOA mutations in humans. Prog Brain Res. 1995; 106:67-75.
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Boviatsis EJ, Park JS, Sena-Esteves M, Kramm CM, Chase M, Efird JT, Wei MX, Breakefield XO, Chiocca EA. Long-term survival of rats harboring brain neoplasms treated with ganciclovir and a herpes simplex virus vector that retains an intact thymidine kinase gene. Cancer Res. 1994 Nov 15; 54(22):5745-51.
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Ozelius LJ, Breakefield XO. Co-factor insufficiency in dystonia-parkinsonian syndrome. Nat Genet. 1994 Nov; 8(3):207-9.
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Bressman SB, de Leon D, Kramer PL, Ozelius LJ, Brin MF, Greene PE, Fahn S, Breakefield XO, Risch NJ. Dystonia in Ashkenazi Jews: clinical characterization of a founder mutation. Ann Neurol. 1994 Nov; 36(5):771-7.
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Cunningham LA, Short MP, Breakefield XO, Bohn MC. Nerve growth factor released by transgenic astrocytes enhances the function of adrenal chromaffin cell grafts in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Brain Res. 1994 Sep 26; 658(1-2):219-31.
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Andersen JK, Frim DM, Isacson O, Beal MF, Breakefield XO. Elevation of neuronal MAO-B activity in a transgenic mouse model does not increase sensitivity to the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Brain Res. 1994 Sep 5; 656(1):108-14.
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Boviatsis EJ, Scharf JM, Chase M, Harrington K, Kowall NW, Breakefield XO, Chiocca EA. Antitumor activity and reporter gene transfer into rat brain neoplasms inoculated with herpes simplex virus vectors defective in thymidine kinase or ribonucleotide reductase. Gene Ther. 1994 Sep; 1(5):323-31.
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Gasser T, Wszolek ZK, Trofatter J, Ozelius L, Uitti RJ, Lee CS, Gusella J, Pfeiffer RF, Calne DB, Breakefield XO. Genetic linkage studies in autosomal dominant parkinsonism: evaluation of seven candidate genes. Ann Neurol. 1994 Sep; 36(3):387-96.
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Wei MX, Tamiya T, Chase M, Boviatsis EJ, Chang TK, Kowall NW, Hochberg FH, Waxman DJ, Breakefield XO, Chiocca EA. Experimental tumor therapy in mice using the cyclophosphamide-activating cytochrome P450 2B1 gene. Hum Gene Ther. 1994 Aug; 5(8):969-78.
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Shewach DS, Zerbe LK, Hughes TL, Roessler BJ, Breakefield XO, Davidson BL. Enhanced cytotoxicity of antiviral drugs mediated by adenovirus directed transfer of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene in rat glioma cells. Cancer Gene Ther. 1994 Jun; 1(2):107-12.
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Castillo B, del Cerro M, Breakefield XO, Frim DM, Barnstable CJ, Dean DO, Bohn MC. Retinal ganglion cell survival is promoted by genetically modified astrocytes designed to secrete brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Brain Res. 1994 May 30; 647(1):30-6.
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Frim DM, Uhler TA, Galpern WR, Beal MF, Breakefield XO, Isacson O. Implanted fibroblasts genetically engineered to produce brain-derived neurotrophic factor prevent 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium toxicity to dopaminergic neurons in the rat. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 May 24; 91(11):5104-8.
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Boviatsis EJ, Chase M, Wei MX, Tamiya T, Hurford RK, Kowall NW, Tepper RI, Breakefield XO, Chiocca EA. Gene transfer into experimental brain tumors mediated by adenovirus, herpes simplex virus, and retrovirus vectors. Hum Gene Ther. 1994 Feb; 5(2):183-91.
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Corey DP, Breakefield XO. Transcription factors in inner ear development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Jan 18; 91(2):433-6.
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Davar G, Kramer MF, Garber D, Roca AL, Andersen JK, Bebrin W, Coen DM, Kosz-Vnenchak M, Knipe DM, Breakefield XO, et al. Gene transfer to sensory neurons using herpes virus vectors. Gene Ther. 1994; 1 Suppl 1:S24.
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Lerner TJ, Boustany RM, MacCormack K, Gleitsman J, Schlumpf K, Breakefield XO, Gusella JF, Haines JL. Linkage disequilibrium between the juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis gene and marker loci on chromosome 16p 12.1. Am J Hum Genet. 1994 Jan; 54(1):88-94.
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Davar G, Kramer MF, Garber D, Roca AL, Andersen JK, Bebrin W, Coen DM, Kosz-Vnenchak M, Knipe DM, Breakefield XO, et al. Comparative efficacy of expression of genes delivered to mouse sensory neurons with herpes virus vectors. J Comp Neurol. 1994 Jan 1; 339(1):3-11.
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Dobyns WB, Ozelius LJ, Kramer PL, Brashear A, Farlow MR, Perry TR, Walsh LE, Kasarskis EJ, Butler IJ, Breakefield XO. Rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism. Neurology. 1993 Dec; 43(12):2596-602.
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Brunner HG, Nelen M, Breakefield XO, Ropers HH, van Oost BA. Abnormal behavior associated with a point mutation in the structural gene for monoamine oxidase A. Science. 1993 Oct 22; 262(5133):578-80.
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Chen ZY, Battinelli EM, Fielder A, Bundey S, Sims K, Breakefield XO, Craig IW. A mutation in the Norrie disease gene (NDP) associated with X-linked familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. Nat Genet. 1993 Oct; 5(2):180-3.
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Andersen JK, Frim DM, Isacson O, Breakefield XO. Herpesvirus-mediated gene delivery into the rat brain: specificity and efficiency of the neuron-specific enolase promoter. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 1993 Oct; 13(5):503-15.
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Chen ZY, Battinelli EM, Woodruff G, Young I, Breakefield XO, Craig IW. Characterization of a mutation within the NDP gene in a family with a manifesting female carrier. Hum Mol Genet. 1993 Oct; 2(10):1727-9.
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Hoffman D, Breakefield XO, Short MP, Aebischer P. Transplantation of a polymer-encapsulated cell line genetically engineered to release NGF. Exp Neurol. 1993 Jul; 122(1):100-6.
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Takamiya Y, Short MP, Moolten FL, Fleet C, Mineta T, Breakefield XO, Martuza RL. An experimental model of retrovirus gene therapy for malignant brain tumors. J Neurosurg. 1993 Jul; 79(1):104-10.
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Frim DM, Simpson J, Uhler TA, Short MP, Bossi SR, Breakefield XO, Isacson O. Striatal degeneration induced by mitochondrial blockade is prevented by biologically delivered NGF. J Neurosci Res. 1993 Jul 1; 35(4):452-8.
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Blumenfeld A, Slaugenhaupt SA, Axelrod FB, Lucente DE, Maayan C, Liebert CB, Ozelius LJ, Trofatter JA, Haines JL, Breakefield XO, et al. Localization of the gene for familial dysautonomia on chromosome 9 and definition of DNA markers for genetic diagnosis. Nat Genet. 1993 Jun; 4(2):160-4.
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Chen ZY, Battinelli EM, Hendriks RW, Powell JF, Middleton-Price H, Sims KB, Breakefield XO, Craig IW. Norrie disease gene: characterization of deletions and possible function. Genomics. 1993 May; 16(2):533-5.
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Frim DM, Uhler TA, Short MP, Ezzedine ZD, Klagsbrun M, Breakefield XO, Isacson O. Effects of biologically delivered NGF, BDNF and bFGF on striatal excitotoxic lesions. Neuroreport. 1993 Apr; 4(4):367-70.
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Breakefield XO. Gene delivery into the brain using virus vectors. Nat Genet. 1993 Mar; 3(3):187-9.
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Frim DM, Short MP, Rosenberg WS, Simpson J, Breakefield XO, Isacson O. Local protective effects of nerve growth factor-secreting fibroblasts against excitotoxic lesions in the rat striatum. J Neurosurg. 1993 Feb; 78(2):267-73.
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Blumenfeld A, Axelrod FB, Trofatter JA, Maayan C, Lucente DE, Slaugenhaupt SA, Liebert CB, Ozelius LJ, Haines JL, Breakefield XO, et al. Exclusion of familial dysautonomia from more than 60% of the genome. J Med Genet. 1993 Jan; 30(1):47-52.
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Yan W, Boustany RM, Konradi C, Ozelius L, Lerner T, Trofatter JA, Julier C, Breakefield XO, Gusella JF, Haines JL. Localization of juvenile, but not late-infantile, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis on chromosome 16. Am J Hum Genet. 1993 Jan; 52(1):89-95.
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Girmen AS, Baenziger J, Hotamisligil GS, Konradi C, Shalish C, Sullivan JL, Breakefield XO. Relationship between platelet monoamine oxidase B activity and alleles at the MAOB locus. J Neurochem. 1992 Dec; 59(6):2063-6.
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Rosenberg WS, Breakefield XO, DeAntonio C, Isacson O. Authentic and artifactual detection of the E. coli lacZ gene product in the rat brain by histochemical methods. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1992 Dec; 16(3-4):311-5.
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Mikati MA, Maguire H, Barlow CF, Ozelius L, Breakefield XO, Klauck SM, Korf B, O'Tuama SL, Dangond F. A syndrome of autosomal dominant alternating hemiplegia: clinical presentation mimicking intractable epilepsy; chromosomal studies; and physiologic investigations. Neurology. 1992 Dec; 42(12):2251-7.
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Ozelius LJ, Kwiatkowski DJ, Schuback DE, Breakefield XO, Wexler NS, Gusella JF, Haines JL. A genetic linkage map of human chromosome 9q. Genomics. 1992 Nov; 14(3):715-20.
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Takamiya Y, Short MP, Ezzeddine ZD, Moolten FL, Breakefield XO, Martuza RL. Gene therapy of malignant brain tumors: a rat glioma line bearing the herpes simplex virus type 1-thymidine kinase gene and wild type retrovirus kills other tumor cells. J Neurosci Res. 1992 Nov; 33(3):493-503.
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Titlow CC, Andersen JK, Trofatter JA, Breakefield XO. In vitro translation of proteins with terminal deletions by SP6 RNA polymerase-mediated transcription of PCR products. PCR Methods Appl. 1992 Nov; 2(2):172-4.
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Andersen JK, Garber DA, Meaney CA, Breakefield XO. Gene transfer into mammalian central nervous system using herpes virus vectors: extended expression of bacterial lacZ in neurons using the neuron-specific enolase promoter. Hum Gene Ther. 1992 Oct; 3(5):487-99.
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Gasser T, Fahn S, Breakefield XO. The autosomal dominant dystonias. Brain Pathol. 1992 Oct; 2(4):297-308.
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Chen ZY, Powell JF, Hsu YP, Breakefield XO, Craig IW. Organization of the human monoamine oxidase genes and long-range physical mapping around them. Genomics. 1992 Sep; 14(1):75-82.
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Chen ZY, Hendriks RW, Jobling MA, Powell JF, Breakefield XO, Sims KB, Craig IW. Isolation and characterization of a candidate gene for Norrie disease. Nat Genet. 1992 Jun; 1(3):204-8.
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Chen ZY, Sims KB, Coleman M, Donnai D, Monaco A, Breakefield XO, Davies KE, Craig IW. Characterization of a YAC containing part or all of the Norrie disease locus. Hum Mol Genet. 1992 Jun; 1(3):161-4.
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Andersen JK, Herrup K, Breakefield XO. Creation of transgenic mice that overexpress monoamine oxidase-B neuronally. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1992 May 11; 648:241-3.
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Sims KB, Lebo RV, Benson G, Shalish C, Schuback D, Chen ZY, Bruns G, Craig IW, Golbus MS, Breakefield XO. The Norrie disease gene maps to a 150 kb region on chromosome Xp11.3. Hum Mol Genet. 1992 May; 1(2):83-9.
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Ozelius L, Schuback DE, Stefansson K, Slaugenhaupt S, Gusella JF, Breakefield XO. Dinucleotide repeat polymorphism for the hexabrachion gene (HXB) on chromosome 9q32-34. Hum Mol Genet. 1992 May; 1(2):141.
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Huang Q, Vonsattel JP, Schaffer PA, Martuza RL, Breakefield XO, DiFiglia M. Introduction of a foreign gene (Escherichia coli lacZ) into rat neostriatal neurons using herpes simplex virus mutants: a light and electron microscopic study. Exp Neurol. 1992 Mar; 115(3):303-16.
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Haines JL, Yan WL, Boustany RM, Jewell A, Julier C, Breakefield XO, Gusella JF. Linkage analysis in juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Am J Med Genet. 1992 Feb 15; 42(4):542-5.
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Konradi C, Ozelius L, Breakefield XO. Highly polymorphic (GT)n repeat sequence in intron II of the human MAOB gene. Genomics. 1992 Jan; 12(1):176-7.
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Schuback DE, Ozelius L, Breakefield XO. BanI RFLP at AK1 locus (9q34). Nucleic Acids Res. 1991 Oct 25; 19(20):5798.
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Konradi C, Ozelius L, Yan W, Gusella JF, Breakefield XO. Dinucleotide repeat polymorphism (D16S285) on human chromosome 16. Nucleic Acids Res. 1991 Oct 11; 19(19):5449.
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Chen ZY, Hotamisligil GS, Huang JK, Wen L, Ezzeddine D, Aydin-Muderrisoglu N, Powell JF, Huang RH, Breakefield XO, Craig I, et al. Structure of the human gene for monoamine oxidase type A. Nucleic Acids Res. 1991 Aug 25; 19(16):4537-41.
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Hotamisligil GS, Breakefield XO. Human monoamine oxidase A gene determines levels of enzyme activity. Am J Hum Genet. 1991 Aug; 49(2):383-92.
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Kwiatkowski DJ, Ozelius L, Kramer PL, Perman S, Schuback DE, Gusella JF, Fahn S, Breakefield XO. Torsion dystonia genes in two populations confined to a small region on chromosome 9q32-34. Am J Hum Genet. 1991 Aug; 49(2):366-71.
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Ezzeddine ZD, Martuza RL, Platika D, Short MP, Malick A, Choi B, Breakefield XO. Selective killing of glioma cells in culture and in vivo by retrovirus transfer of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene. New Biol. 1991 Jun; 3(6):608-14.
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Cunningham LA, Short MP, Vielkind U, Breakefield XO, Bohn MC. Survival and differentiation within the adult mouse striatum of grafted rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12) genetically modified to express recombinant beta-NGF. Exp Neurol. 1991 May; 112(2):174-82.
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Breakefield XO, DeLuca NA. Herpes simplex virus for gene delivery to neurons. New Biol. 1991 Mar; 3(3):203-18.
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Kwiatkowski DJ, Nygaard TG, Schuback DE, Perman S, Trugman JM, Bressman SB, Burke RE, Brin MF, Ozelius L, Breakefield XO, et al. Identification of a highly polymorphic microsatellite VNTR within the argininosuccinate synthetase locus: exclusion of the dystonia gene on 9q32-34 as the cause of dopa-responsive dystonia in a large kindred. Am J Hum Genet. 1991 Jan; 48(1):121-8.
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Murphy DL, Sims KB, Karoum F, Garrick NA, de la Chapelle A, Sankila EM, Norio R, Breakefield XO. Plasma amine oxidase activities in Norrie disease patients with an X-chromosomal deletion affecting monoamine oxidase. J Neural Transm Gen Sect. 1991; 83(1-2):1-12.
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Schumacher JM, Short MP, Hyman BT, Breakefield XO, Isacson O. Intracerebral implantation of nerve growth factor-producing fibroblasts protects striatum against neurotoxic levels of excitatory amino acids. Neuroscience. 1991; 45(3):561-70.
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Short MP, Choi BC, Lee JK, Malick A, Breakefield XO, Martuza RL. Gene delivery to glioma cells in rat brain by grafting of a retrovirus packaging cell line. J Neurosci Res. 1990 Nov; 27(3):427-39.
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Chiocca EA, Choi BB, Cai WZ, DeLuca NA, Schaffer PA, DiFiglia M, Breakefield XO, Martuza RL. Transfer and expression of the lacZ gene in rat brain neurons mediated by herpes simplex virus mutants. New Biol. 1990 Aug; 2(8):739-46.
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Schuback DE, Ozelius L, Hu G, Craft CM, Raese J, Breakefield XO, Hsu YP. RFLP for human DBH (dopamine beta-hydroxylase). Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Jan 25; 18(2):387.
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Murphy DL, Sims KB, Karoum F, de la Chapelle A, Norio R, Sankila EM, Breakefield XO. Marked amine and amine metabolite changes in Norrie disease patients with an X-chromosomal deletion affecting monoamine oxidase. J Neurochem. 1990 Jan; 54(1):242-7.
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Weyler W, Hsu YP, Breakefield XO. Biochemistry and genetics of monoamine oxidase. Pharmacol Ther. 1990; 47(3):391-417.
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Short MP, Rosenberg MB, Ezzedine ZD, Gage FH, Friedmann T, Breakefield XO. Autocrine differentiation of PC12 cells mediated by retroviral vectors. Dev Neurosci. 1990; 12(1):34-45.
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Seizinger BR, Breakefield XO. The role of 'tumor suppressor' genes in neural tumors. Trends Neurosci. 1990 Jan; 13(1):3-6.
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Ozelius L, Gusella JF, Breakefield XO. MspI RFLP for human MAOA gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Dec 25; 17(24):10516.
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Diergaarde PJ, Wieringa B, Bleeker-Wagemakers EM, Sims KB, Breakefield XO, Ropers HH. Physical fine-mapping of a deletion spanning the Norrie gene. Hum Genet. 1989 Dec; 84(1):22-6.
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Breakefield XO. Combining CNS transplantation and gene transfer. Neurobiol Aging. 1989 Sep-Oct; 10(5):647-8; discussion 648-50.
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Levy ER, Powell JF, Buckle VJ, Hsu YP, Breakefield XO, Craig IW. Localization of human monoamine oxidase-A gene to Xp11.23-11.4 by in situ hybridization: implications for Norrie disease. Genomics. 1989 Aug; 5(2):368-70.
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Hsu YP, Powell JF, Sims KB, Breakefield XO. Molecular genetics of the monoamine oxidases. J Neurochem. 1989 Jul; 53(1):12-8.
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Kwiatkowski DJ, Ozelius L, Schuback D, Gusella J, Breakefield XO. The gelsolin (GSN) cDNA clone, from 9q32-34, identifies BclI and StuI RFLPs. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Jun 12; 17(11):4425.
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Shimohama S, Rosenberg MB, Fagan AM, Wolff JA, Short MP, Breakefield XO, Friedmann T, Gage FH. Grafting genetically modified cells into the rat brain: characteristics of E. coli beta-galactosidase as a reporter gene. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1989 Jun; 5(4):271-8.
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Powell JF, Hsu YP, Weyler W, Chen SA, Salach J, Andrikopoulos K, Mallet J, Breakefield XO. The primary structure of bovine monoamine oxidase type A. Comparison with peptide sequences of bovine monoamine oxidase type B and other flavoenzymes. Biochem J. 1989 Apr 15; 259(2):407-13.
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Grossman MH, Creveling CR, Breakefield XO. Isolation of the mRNA encoding rat liver catechol-O-methyltransferase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989 Feb 15; 158(3):776-82.
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Rosenberg MB, Friedmann T, Robertson RC, Tuszynski M, Wolff JA, Breakefield XO, Gage FH. Grafting genetically modified cells to the damaged brain: restorative effects of NGF expression. Science. 1988 Dec 16; 242(4885):1575-8.
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Hsu YP, Weyler W, Chen S, Sims KB, Rinehart WB, Utterback MC, Powell JF, Breakefield XO. Structural features of human monoamine oxidase A elucidated from cDNA and peptide sequences. J Neurochem. 1988 Oct; 51(4):1321-4.
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Geller AI, Breakefield XO. A defective HSV-1 vector expresses Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase in cultured peripheral neurons. Science. 1988 Sep 23; 241(4873):1667-9.
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Wolf D, Richter-Landsberg C, Short MP, Cepko C, Breakefield XO. Retrovirus-mediated gene transfer of beta-nerve growth factor into mouse pituitary line AtT-20. Mol Biol Med. 1988 Feb; 5(1):43-59.
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Kramer PL, Ozelius L, Brin MF, Fahn S, Kidd KK, Gusella J, Breakefield XO. Molecular genetics of an autosomal dominant form of torsion dystonia. Adv Neurol. 1988; 50:57-66.
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Pintar JE, Breakefield XO, Patterson PH. Differences in monoamine oxidase activity between cultured noradrenergic and cholinergic sympathetic neurons. Dev Biol. 1987 Mar; 120(1):305-8.
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Rosenberg MB, Breakefield XO, Hawrot E. Targeting of liposomes to cells bearing nerve growth factor receptors mediated by biotinylated nerve growth factor. J Neurochem. 1987 Mar; 48(3):865-75.
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Kramer PL, Ozelius L, Gusella JF, Fahn S, Kidd KK, Breakefield XO. Exclusion of autosomal dominant dystonia gene from large regions of chromosomes 11p, 13q, and 21q by multi-point linkage analysis. Genet Epidemiol. 1987; 4(5):377-86.
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Breakefield XO, Cambi F. Molecular genetic insights into neurologic diseases. Annu Rev Neurosci. 1987; 10:535-94.
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Seizinger BR, Martuza RL, Rouleau G, Breakefield XO, Gusella JF. Models for inherited susceptibility to cancer in the nervous system: a molecular-genetic approach to neurofibromatosis. Dev Neurosci. 1987; 9(3):144-53.
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Breakefield XO, Geller AI. Gene transfer into the nervous system. Mol Neurobiol. 1987; 1(4):339-71.
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Breakefield XO, Ozelius L, Bothwell MA, Chao MV, Axelrod F, Kramer PL, Kidd KK, Lanahan AA, Johnson DE, Ross AH, et al. DNA polymorphisms for the nerve growth factor receptor gene exclude its role in familial dysautonomia. Mol Biol Med. 1986 Dec; 3(6):483-94.
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Brockes JP, Breakefield XO, Martuza RL. Glial growth factor-like activity in Schwann cell tumors. Ann Neurol. 1986 Sep; 20(3):317-22.
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Ozelius L, Mandel JL, Gusella JF, Breakefield XO. A new RFLP for D18S3(B74) an anonymous genomic clone localized to 18p113. Nucleic Acids Res. 1986 Aug 26; 14(16):6782.
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Edelstein SB, Breakefield XO. Monoamine oxidases A and B are differentially regulated by glucocorticoids and "aging" in human skin fibroblasts. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 1986 Jun; 6(2):121-50.
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Breakefield XO, Bressman SB, Kramer PL, Ozelius L, Moskowitz C, Tanzi R, Brin MF, Hobbs W, Kaufman D, Tobin A, et al. Linkage analysis in a family with dominantly inherited torsion dystonia: exclusion of the pro-opiomelanocortin and glutamic acid decarboxylase genes and other chromosomal regions using DNA polymorphisms. J Neurogenet. 1986 May; 3(3):159-75.
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Rosenberg MB, Hawrot E, Breakefield XO. Receptor binding activities of biotinylated derivatives of beta-nerve growth factor. J Neurochem. 1986 Feb; 46(2):641-8.
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Grossman MH, Creveling CR, Rybczynski R, Braverman M, Isersky C, Breakefield XO. Soluble and particulate forms of rat catechol-O-methyltransferase distinguished by gel electrophoresis and immune fixation. J Neurochem. 1985 Feb; 44(2):421-32.
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Rosenberg MB, Hansen C, Breakefield XO. Molecular genetic approaches to neurologic and psychiatric diseases. Prog Neurobiol. 1985; 24(2):95-140.
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Breakefield XO, Orloff G, Castiglione C, Coussens L, Axelrod FB, Ullrich A. Structural gene for beta-nerve growth factor not defective in familial dysautonomia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Jul; 81(13):4213-6.
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Rosenberg MB, Grossman MH, Breakefield XO. Artifactual presence of beta-nerve growth factor in adult mouse brain. Brain Res. 1984 Mar 12; 295(1):35-40.
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Pintar JE, Levitt P, Salach JI, Weyler W, Rosenberg MB, Breakefield XO. Specificity of antisera prepared against pure bovine MAO-B. Brain Res. 1983 Oct 3; 276(1):127-39.
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Cawthon RM, Breakefield XO. Differences in the structures of monoamine oxidases A and B in rat clonal cell lines. Biochem Pharmacol. 1983 Feb 1; 32(3):441-8.
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Levitt P, Pintar JE, Breakefield XO. Immunocytochemical demonstration of monoamine oxidase B in brain astrocytes and serotonergic neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Oct; 79(20):6385-9.
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Pintar JE, Breakefield XO. Monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity as a determinant in human neurophysiology. Behav Genet. 1982 Feb; 12(1):53-68.
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Bonnefil V, Castiglione CM, Cawthon RM, Breakefield XO. Effect of riboflavin on monoamine oxidase activity in cultured neuroblastoma cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 1981 Dec; 1(4):351-9.
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Cawthon RM, Pintar JE, Haseltine FP, Breakefield XO. Differences in the structure of A and B forms of human monoamine oxidase. J Neurochem. 1981 Aug; 37(2):363-72.
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Edelstein SB, Breakefield XO. Dexamethasone selectively increases monoamine oxidase type A in human skin fibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1981 Feb 12; 98(3):836-43.
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Pintar JE, Barbosa J, Francke U, Castiglione CM, Hawkins M, Breakefield XO. Gene for monoamine oxidase type A assigned to the human X chromosome. J Neurosci. 1981 Feb; 1(2):166-75.
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Riker DK, Roth RH, Breakefield XO. High-affinity [3H]choline accumulation in cultured human skin fibroblasts. J Neurochem. 1981 Feb; 36(2):746-52.
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Hawkins M, Wallace DC, Eisenstadt JM, Breakefield XO. Expression of monoamine oxidase A and B activities in mouse cybrids and hybrids. Life Sci. 1981 Jan 26; 28(4):425-32.
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Breakefield XO, Braverman M, Riker DK, Giller EL. Catechol-O-methyltransferase activity in cultured human skin fibroblasts from controls and patients with dystonia musculorum deformans. J Neurosci Res. 1981; 6(3):349-60.
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Ryan JM, Ostrow DG, Breakefield XO, Gershon ES, Upchurch L. A comparison of the proliferative and replicative life span kinetics of cell cultures derived from monozygotic twins. In Vitro. 1981 Jan; 17(1):20-7.
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Breakefield XO, Giller EL, Nurnberger JI, Castiglione CM, Buchsbaum MS, Gershon ES. Monoamine oxidase type A in fibroblasts from patients with bipolar depressive illness. Psychiatry Res. 1980 Jul; 2(3):307-14.
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Castro Costa MR, Edelstein SB, Castiglione CM, Chao H, Breakefield XO. Properties of monoamine oxidase in control and Lesch-Nyhan fibroblasts. Biochem Genet. 1980 Jun; 18(5-6):577-90.
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Giller EL, Young JG, Breakefield XO, Carbonari C, Braverman M, Cohen DJ. Monoamine oxidase and catechol-O-methyltransferase activities in cultured fibroblasts and blood cells from children with autism and the Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Psychiatry Res. 1980 May; 2(2):187-97.
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Costa MR, Breakefield XO. Electrophoretic analysis of 3H-pargyline-labeled monoamine oxidases A and B from human and rat cells. Mol Pharmacol. 1980 Mar; 17(2):199-205.
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Schwartz JP, Breakefield XO. Altered nerve growth factor in fibroblasts from patients with familial dysautonomia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Feb; 77(2):1154-8.
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Breakefield XO, Edelstein SB. Inherited levels of A and B types of monoamine oxidase activity. Schizophr Bull. 1980; 6(2):282-8.
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Breakefield XO, Giller EL. Human skin fibroblasts in neuropsychiatric disorders. Psychopharmacol Bull. 1980 Jan; 16(1):63-5.
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Cawthon RM, Breakefield XO. Differences in A and B forms of monoamine oxidase revealed by limited proteolysis and peptide mapping. Nature. 1979 Oct 25; 281(5733):692-4.
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Walter U, Costa MR, Breakefield XO, Greengard P. Presence of free cyclic AMP receptor protein and regulation of its level by cyclic AMP in neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Jul; 76(7):3251-5.
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Costa MR, Breakefield XO. Electrophoretic characterization of monoamine oxidase by [3H]pargyline binding in rat hepatoma cells with A and B activity. Mol Pharmacol. 1979 Jul; 16(1):242-9.
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Castro Costa MR, Breakefield XO. Distinct forms of monoamine oxidase expressed in hepatoma and HeLa cells in culture. Biochem Pharmacol. 1979; 28(4):525-8.
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Study RE, Breakefield XO, Bartfai T, Greengard P. Voltage-sensitive calcium channels regulate guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate levels in neuroblastoma cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Dec; 75(12):6295-9.
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Bartfai T, Breakefield XO, Greengard P. Regulation of synthesis of guanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate in neuroblastoma cells. Biochem J. 1978 Oct 15; 176(1):119-27.
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Crooks PA, Breakefield XO, Sulens CH, Castiglione CM, Coward JK. Extensive conjugation of dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) metabolites in cultured human skin fibroblasts and rat hepatoma cells. Biochem J. 1978 Oct 15; 176(1):187-96.
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Lloyd T, Weisz J, Breakefield XO. The catechol estrogen, 2-hydroxyestradiol, inhibits catechol-O-methyltransferase activity in neuroblastoma cells. J Neurochem. 1978 Jul; 31(1):245-50.
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Hawkins M, Breakefield XO. Monoamine oxidase A and B in cultured cells. J Neurochem. 1978 Jun; 30(6):1391-7.
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Breakefield XO, Castiglione CM, Halaban R, Pawelek J, Shiman R. Phenylalanine hydroxylase in melanoma cells. J Cell Physiol. 1978 Mar; 94(3):307-14.
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Archer EG, Breakefield XO, Sharata MN. Transport of tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan and glycine in neuroblastoma clones. J Neurochem. 1977 Jan; 28(1):127-35.
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Roth JA, Breakefield XO, Castiglione CM. Monoamine oxidase and catechol-O-methyltransferase activities in cultured human skin fibroblasts. Life Sci. 1976 Dec 1; 19(11):1705-10.
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Breakefield XO, Giller EL. Neurotransmitter metabolism in cell culture. Biochem Pharmacol. 1976 Nov 1; 25(21):2337-42.
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Breakefield XO, Castiglione CM, Edelstein SB. Monoamine oxidase activity decreased in cells lacking hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase activity. Science. 1976 Jun 4; 192(4243):1018-20.
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Rotman A, Daly JW, Creveling CR, Breakefield XO. Uptake and binding of dopamine and 6-hydroxydopamine in murine neuroblastoma and fibroblast cells. Biochem Pharmacol. 1976 Feb 15; 25(4):383-8.
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Breakefield XO. Neurotransmitter metabolism in murine neuroblastoma cells. Life Sci. 1976 Feb 1; 18(3):267-78.
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Breakefield XO. Reserpine sensitivity of catecholamine metabolism in murine neuroblastoma clone N1E-115. J Neurochem. 1975 Dec; 25(6):877-82.
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Lloyd T, Breakefield XO. Tyrosine-dependent increase of tyrosine hydroxylase in neuroblastoma cells. Nature. 1974 Dec 20; 252(5485):719-20.
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Breakefield XO, Nirenberg MW. Selection for neuroblastoma cells that synthesize certain transmitters. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Jun; 71(6):2530-3.
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Breakefield XO, Landman OE. Temperature-sensitive divisionless mutant of Bacillus subtilis defective in the initiation of septation. J Bacteriol. 1973 Feb; 113(2):985-98.
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