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Last Name
Institution

Emad Eskandar, M.D.

TitleAssociate Professor of Surgery
InstitutionMassachusetts General Hospital
DepartmentSurgery
AddressMassachusetts General Hospital
Dept. of Neurosurgery, ACC-331
15 Parkman St.
Boston MA 02114
Phone617/432-2805
Fax617/724-0339

 Mentoring 
 completed student projects
Novel Noninvasive Approach to Functional Cortical Mapping
Summer, 06/14/10 - 08/16/11
Single Neuron Activity During Movement and Reward Expectation: Comparison of Parkinson's Patients and Normal Primates
Summer, 07/01/05 - 06/01/06

 Bibliographic 
 selected publications
Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Faculty can login to make corrections and additions.
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  1. Srinivasan L, Asaad WF, Ginat DT, Gale JT, Dougherty DD, Williams ZM, Sejnowski TJ, Eskandar EN. Action initiation in the human dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. PLoS One. 2013; 8(2):e55247.
    View in: PubMed
  2. Bourne SK, Sheth SA, Neal J, Strong C, Mian MK, Cosgrove GR, Eskandar EN, Dougherty DD. Beneficial effect of subsequent lesion procedures after nonresponse to initial cingulotomy for severe, treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neurosurgery. 2013 Feb; 72(2):196-202.
    View in: PubMed
  3. Stankovic KM, Eskandar E, El Khoury JB, Lev MH, Sadow PM. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 2-2013. A 20-year-old man with recurrent ear pain, fever, and headache. N Engl J Med. 2013 Jan 17; 368(3):267-77.
    View in: PubMed
  4. Sheth SA, Neal J, Tangherlini F, Mian MK, Gentil A, Cosgrove GR, Eskandar EN, Dougherty DD. Limbic system surgery for treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder: a prospective long-term follow-up of 64 patients. J Neurosurg. 2013 Mar; 118(3):491-7.
    View in: PubMed
  5. Kramer MA, Truccolo W, Eden UT, Lepage KQ, Hochberg LR, Eskandar EN, Madsen JR, Lee JW, Maheshwari A, Halgren E, Chu CJ, Cash SS. Human seizures self-terminate across spatial scales via a critical transition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Dec 18; 109(51):21116-21.
    View in: PubMed
  6. Lewis LD, Weiner VS, Mukamel EA, Donoghue JA, Eskandar EN, Madsen JR, Anderson WS, Hochberg LR, Cash SS, Brown EN, Purdon PL. Rapid fragmentation of neuronal networks at the onset of propofol-induced unconsciousness. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Dec 4; 109(49):E3377-86.
    View in: PubMed
  7. Sheth SA, Mian MK, Patel SR, Asaad WF, Williams ZM, Dougherty DD, Bush G, Eskandar EN. Human dorsal anterior cingulate cortex neurons mediate ongoing behavioural adaptation. Nature. 2012 Aug 9; 488(7410):218-21.
    View in: PubMed
  8. Santaniello S, Sherman DL, Thakor NV, Eskandar EN, Sarma SV. Optimal control-based bayesian detection of clinical and behavioral state transitions. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng. 2012 Sep; 20(5):708-19.
    View in: PubMed
  9. Sarma SV, Cheng ML, Eden U, Williams Z, Brown EN, Eskandar E. The effects of cues on neurons in the basal ganglia in Parkinson's disease. Front Integr Neurosci. 2012; 6:40.
    View in: PubMed
  10. Eden UT, Gale JT, Amirnovin R, Eskandar EN. Characterizing the spiking dynamics of subthalamic nucleus neurons in Parkinson's disease using generalized linear models. Front Integr Neurosci. 2012; 6:28.
    View in: PubMed
  11. Bourne SK, Eckhardt CA, Sheth SA, Eskandar EN. Mechanisms of deep brain stimulation for obsessive compulsive disorder: effects upon cells and circuits. Front Integr Neurosci. 2012; 6:29.
    View in: PubMed
  12. Patel SR, Sheth SA, Mian MK, Gale JT, Greenberg BD, Dougherty DD, Eskandar EN. Single-neuron responses in the human nucleus accumbens during a financial decision-making task. J Neurosci. 2012 May 23; 32(21):7311-5.
    View in: PubMed
  13. Simon MV, Cole AJ, Chang EC, Buchbinder BR, Stufflebeam SM, Nozari A, Stemmer-Rachamimov AO, Eskandar EN. An intraoperative multimodal neurophysiologic approach to successful resection of precentral gyrus epileptogenic lesions. Epilepsia. 2012 Apr; 53(4):e75-9.
    View in: PubMed
  14. Peyrache A, Dehghani N, Eskandar EN, Madsen JR, Anderson WS, Donoghue JA, Hochberg LR, Halgren E, Cash SS, Destexhe A. Spatiotemporal dynamics of neocortical excitation and inhibition during human sleep. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Jan 31; 109(5):1731-6.
    View in: PubMed
  15. Walcott BP, Nahed BV, Kahle KT, Duhaime AC, Sharma N, Eskandar EN. Deep brain stimulation for medically refractory life-threatening status dystonicus in children. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2012 Jan; 9(1):99-102.
    View in: PubMed
  16. Chan AM, Baker JM, Eskandar E, Schomer D, Ulbert I, Marinkovic K, Cash SS, Halgren E. First-pass selectivity for semantic categories in human anteroventral temporal lobe. J Neurosci. 2011 Dec 7; 31(49):18119-29.
    View in: PubMed
  17. Asaad WF, Eskandar EN. Encoding of both positive and negative reward prediction errors by neurons of the primate lateral prefrontal cortex and caudate nucleus. J Neurosci. 2011 Dec 7; 31(49):17772-87.
    View in: PubMed
  18. Dykstra AR, Chan AM, Quinn BT, Zepeda R, Keller CJ, Cormier J, Madsen JR, Eskandar EN, Cash SS. Individualized localization and cortical surface-based registration of intracranial electrodes. Neuroimage. 2012 Feb 15; 59(4):3563-70.
    View in: PubMed
  19. Berry-Candelario J, Kasper E, Eskandar E, Chen CC. Neurosurgical management of leukoencephalopathy, cerebral calcifications, and cysts: A case report and review of literature. Surg Neurol Int. 2011; 2:160.
    View in: PubMed
  20. Kopell BH, Halverson J, Butson CR, Dickinson M, Bobholz J, Harsch H, Rainey C, Kondziolka D, Howland R, Eskandar E, Evans KC, Dougherty DD. Epidural cortical stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for refractory major depressive disorder. Neurosurgery. 2011 Nov; 69(5):1015-29; discussion 1029.
    View in: PubMed
  21. Dykstra AR, Halgren E, Thesen T, Carlson CE, Doyle W, Madsen JR, Eskandar EN, Cash SS. Widespread Brain Areas Engaged during a Classical Auditory Streaming Task Revealed by Intracranial EEG. Front Hum Neurosci. 2011; 5:74.
    View in: PubMed
  22. Karakis I, Velez-Ruiz N, Pathmanathan JS, Sheth SA, Eskandar EN, Cole AJ. Foramen ovale electrodes in the evaluation of epilepsy surgery: conventional and unconventional uses. Epilepsy Behav. 2011 Oct; 22(2):247-54.
    View in: PubMed
  23. Gallagher A, Kovach A, Stemmer-Rachamimov A, Rosenberg AE, Eskandar E, Thiele EA. Metaplastic bone in a cortical tuber of a young patient with tuberous sclerosis complex. Neurology. 2011 May 3; 76(18):1602-4.
    View in: PubMed
  24. Shields DC, Flaherty AW, Eskandar EN, Williams ZM. Ventral intermediate thalamic stimulation for monoclonal gammopathy-associated tremor: case report. Neurosurgery. 2011 May; 68(5):E1464-7.
    View in: PubMed
  25. Wang SG, Eskandar EN, Kilbride R, Chiappa KH, Curry WT, Williams Z, Simon MV. The variability of stimulus thresholds in electrophysiologic cortical language mapping. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2011 Apr; 28(2):210-6.
    View in: PubMed
  26. LeWitt PA, Rezai AR, Leehey MA, Ojemann SG, Flaherty AW, Eskandar EN, Kostyk SK, Thomas K, Sarkar A, Siddiqui MS, Tatter SB, Schwalb JM, Poston KL, Henderson JM, Kurlan RM, Richard IH, Van Meter L, Sapan CV, During MJ, Kaplitt MG, Feigin A. AAV2-GAD gene therapy for advanced Parkinson's disease: a double-blind, sham-surgery controlled, randomised trial. Lancet Neurol. 2011 Apr; 10(4):309-19.
    View in: PubMed
  27. Sheth SA, Abuelem T, Gale JT, Eskandar EN. Basal ganglia neurons dynamically facilitate exploration during associative learning. J Neurosci. 2011 Mar 30; 31(13):4878-85.
    View in: PubMed
  28. Truccolo W, Donoghue JA, Hochberg LR, Eskandar EN, Madsen JR, Anderson WS, Brown EN, Halgren E, Cash SS. Single-neuron dynamics in human focal epilepsy. Nat Neurosci. 2011 May; 14(5):635-41.
    View in: PubMed
  29. Saleh C, Gale JT, Eskandar E. The need for a multifactorial approach to raise the standard in deep brain stimulation reporting. Neuromodulation. 2011 Mar-Apr; 14(2):183-4.
    View in: PubMed
  30. Gale JT, Martinez-Rubio C, Sheth SA, Eskandar EN. Intra-operative behavioral tasks in awake humans undergoing deep brain stimulation surgery. J Vis Exp. 2011; (47).
    View in: PubMed
  31. Iacono MI, Makris N, Mainardi L, Gale J, van der Kouwe A, Mareyam A, Polimeni JR, Wald LL, Fischl B, Eskandar EN, Bonmassar G. Atlas-based segmentation for globus pallidus internus targeting on low-resolution MRI. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2011; 2011:5706-9.
    View in: PubMed
  32. Saxena S, Gale JT, Eskandar EN, Sarma SV. Modulations in the oscillatory activity of the Globus Pallidus internus neurons during a behavioral task-A point process analysis. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2011; 2011:4179-82.
    View in: PubMed
  33. Eden UT, Amirnovin R, Eskandar EN. Using point process models to describe rhythmic spiking in the subthalamic nucleus of Parkinson's patients. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2011; 2011:757-60.
    View in: PubMed
  34. Mian MK, Campos M, Sheth SA, Eskandar EN. Deep brain stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder: past, present, and future. Neurosurg Focus. 2010 Aug; 29(2):E10.
    View in: PubMed
  35. Kramer MA, Eden UT, Kolaczyk ED, Zepeda R, Eskandar EN, Cash SS. Coalescence and fragmentation of cortical networks during focal seizures. J Neurosci. 2010 Jul 28; 30(30):10076-85.
    View in: PubMed
  36. Keller CJ, Truccolo W, Gale JT, Eskandar E, Thesen T, Carlson C, Devinsky O, Kuzniecky R, Doyle WK, Madsen JR, Schomer DL, Mehta AD, Brown EN, Hochberg LR, Ulbert I, Halgren E, Cash SS. Heterogeneous neuronal firing patterns during interictal epileptiform discharges in the human cortex. Brain. 2010 Jun; 133(Pt 6):1668-81.
    View in: PubMed
  37. Sarma SV, Eden UT, Cheng ML, Williams ZM, Hu R, Eskandar E, Brown EN. Using point process models to compare neural spiking activity in the subthalamic nucleus of Parkinson's patients and a healthy primate. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2010 Jun; 57(6):1297-305.
    View in: PubMed
  38. Simon MV, Michaelides C, Wang S, Chiappa KH, Eskandar EN. The effects of EEG suppression and anesthetics on stimulus thresholds in functional cortical motor mapping. Clin Neurophysiol. 2010 May; 121(5):784-92.
    View in: PubMed
  39. Sheth SA, Mian MK, Abuelem T, Gale J, Eskandar EN. Facilitation of visuomotor associative learning by the basal ganglia. Clin Neurosurg. 2010; 57:145-50.
    View in: PubMed
  40. Gentil AF, Eskandar EN, Marci CD, Evans KC, Dougherty DD. Physiological responses to brain stimulation during limbic surgery: further evidence of anterior cingulate modulation of autonomic arousal. Biol Psychiatry. 2009 Oct 1; 66(7):695-701.
    View in: PubMed
  41. Pezaris JS, Eskandar EN. Getting signals into the brain: visual prosthetics through thalamic microstimulation. Neurosurg Focus. 2009 Jul; 27(1):E6.
    View in: PubMed
  42. Hu R, Eskandar E, Williams Z. Role of deep brain stimulation in modulating memory formation and recall. Neurosurg Focus. 2009 Jul; 27(1):E3.
    View in: PubMed
  43. Gow DW, Keller CJ, Eskandar E, Meng N, Cash SS. Parallel versus serial processing dependencies in the perisylvian speech network: a Granger analysis of intracranial EEG data. Brain Lang. 2009 Jul; 110(1):43-8.
    View in: PubMed
  44. Ben-Haim S, Asaad WF, Gale JT, Eskandar EN. Risk factors for hemorrhage during microelectrode-guided deep brain stimulation and the introduction of an improved microelectrode design. Neurosurgery. 2009 Apr; 64(4):754-62; discussion 762-3.
    View in: PubMed
  45. Gale JT, Shields DC, Jain FA, Amirnovin R, Eskandar EN. Subthalamic nucleus discharge patterns during movement in the normal monkey and Parkinsonian patient. Brain Res. 2009 Mar 13; 1260:15-23.
    View in: PubMed
  46. Major P, Rakowski S, Simon MV, Cheng ML, Eskandar E, Baron J, Leeman BA, Frosch MP, Thiele EA. Are cortical tubers epileptogenic? Evidence from electrocorticography. Epilepsia. 2009 Jan; 50(1):147-54.
    View in: PubMed
  47. Dauwels J, Eskandar E, Cash S. Localization of seizure onset area from intracranial non-seizure EEG by exploiting locally enhanced synchrony. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2009; 2009:2180-3.
    View in: PubMed
  48. Costello DJ, Shields DC, Cash SS, Eskandar EN, Cosgrove GR, Cole AJ. Consideration of epilepsy surgery in adults should be independent of age. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2009 Apr; 111(3):240-5.
    View in: PubMed
  49. Malone DA, Dougherty DD, Rezai AR, Carpenter LL, Friehs GM, Eskandar EN, Rauch SL, Rasmussen SA, Machado AG, Kubu CS, Tyrka AR, Price LH, Stypulkowski PH, Giftakis JE, Rise MT, Malloy PF, Salloway SP, Greenberg BD. Deep brain stimulation of the ventral capsule/ventral striatum for treatment-resistant depression. Biol Psychiatry. 2009 Feb 15; 65(4):267-75.
    View in: PubMed
  50. Asaad WF, Eskandar EN. A flexible software tool for temporally-precise behavioral control in Matlab. J Neurosci Methods. 2008 Sep 30; 174(2):245-58.
    View in: PubMed
  51. Asaad WF, Eskandar EN. Achieving behavioral control with millisecond resolution in a high-level programming environment. J Neurosci Methods. 2008 Aug 30; 173(2):235-40.
    View in: PubMed
  52. Shields DC, Asaad W, Eskandar EN, Jain FA, Cosgrove GR, Flaherty AW, Cassem EH, Price BH, Rauch SL, Dougherty DD. Prospective assessment of stereotactic ablative surgery for intractable major depression. Biol Psychiatry. 2008 Sep 15; 64(6):449-54.
    View in: PubMed
  53. Asaad W, Eskandar E. The movers and shakers of deep brain stimulation. Nat Med. 2008 Jan; 14(1):17-9.
    View in: PubMed
  54. Shields DC, Cheng ML, Flaherty AW, Gale JT, Eskandar EN. Microelectrode-guided deep brain stimulation for Tourette syndrome: within-subject comparison of different stimulation sites. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 2008; 86(2):87-91.
    View in: PubMed
  55. Shields DC, Sharma N, Gale JT, Eskandar EN. Pallidal stimulation for dystonia in pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration. Pediatr Neurol. 2007 Dec; 37(6):442-5.
    View in: PubMed
  56. Aghi MK, Eskandar EN, Carter BS, Curry WT, Barker FG. Increased prevalence of obesity and obesity-related postoperative complications in male patients with meningiomas. Neurosurgery. 2007 Oct; 61(4):754-60; discussion 760-1.
    View in: PubMed
  57. Shields DC, Costello DJ, Gale JT, Hoch DB, Eskandar EN. Stereotactic cortical resection in non-lesional extra-temporal partial epilepsy. Eur J Neurol. 2007 Oct; 14(10):1186-8.
    View in: PubMed
  58. Gale JT, Amirnovin R, Williams ZM, Flaherty AW, Eskandar EN. From symphony to cacophony: pathophysiology of the human basal ganglia in Parkinson disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2008; 32(3):378-87.
    View in: PubMed
  59. Aghi MK, Eskandar EN, Carter BS, Curry WT, Barker FG. Increased prevalence of obesity and obesity-related postoperative complications in male meningioma patients. Clin Neurosurg. 2007; 54:236-40.
    View in: PubMed
  60. Hatton MP, Chen SH, Bernardino CR, Rubin PA, D'Amico DJ, Eskandar E. Trans-orbital foreign body with intracranial extension. J Trauma. 2006 Sep; 61(3):752-4.
    View in: PubMed
  61. Eskandar E, Barker FG, Rabinov JD. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 21-2006. A 61-year-old man with left-sided facial pain. N Engl J Med. 2006 Jul 13; 355(2):183-8.
    View in: PubMed
  62. Costello DJ, Simon MV, Eskandar EN, Frosch MP, Henninger HL, Chiappa KH, Cole AJ. Efficacy of surgical treatment of de novo, adult-onset, cryptogenic, refractory focal status epilepticus. Arch Neurol. 2006 Jun; 63(6):895-901.
    View in: PubMed
  63. Williams ZM, Eskandar EN. Selective enhancement of associative learning by microstimulation of the anterior caudate. Nat Neurosci. 2006 Apr; 9(4):562-8.
    View in: PubMed
  64. Amirnovin R, Williams ZM, Cosgrove GR, Eskandar EN. Experience with microelectrode guided subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation. Neurosurgery. 2006 Feb; 58(1 Suppl):ONS96-102; discussion ONS96-102.
    View in: PubMed
  65. Amirnovin R, Neimat JS, Roberts JA, Eskandar EN. Multimodality treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 2005; 83(5-6):197-201.
    View in: PubMed
  66. Flaherty AW, Williams ZM, Amirnovin R, Kasper E, Rauch SL, Cosgrove GR, Eskandar EN. Deep brain stimulation of the anterior internal capsule for the treatment of Tourette syndrome: technical case report. Neurosurgery. 2005 Oct; 57(4 Suppl):E403; discussion E403.
    View in: PubMed
  67. Curry WT, Hoh BL, Amin-Hanjani S, Eskandar EN. Spinal epidural abscess: clinical presentation, management, and outcome. Surg Neurol. 2005 Apr; 63(4):364-71; discussion 371.
    View in: PubMed
  68. Williams ZM, Neimat JS, Cosgrove GR, Eskandar EN. Timing and direction selectivity of subthalamic and pallidal neurons in patients with Parkinson disease. Exp Brain Res. 2005 May; 162(4):407-16.
    View in: PubMed
  69. Amirnovin R, Williams ZM, Cosgrove GR, Eskandar EN. Visually guided movements suppress subthalamic oscillations in Parkinson's disease patients. J Neurosci. 2004 Dec 15; 24(50):11302-6.
    View in: PubMed
  70. Williams ZM, Bush G, Rauch SL, Cosgrove GR, Eskandar EN. Human anterior cingulate neurons and the integration of monetary reward with motor responses. Nat Neurosci. 2004 Dec; 7(12):1370-5.
    View in: PubMed
  71. Eskandar EN, Loeffler JS, O'Neill AM, Hunter GJ, Louis DN. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 33-2004. A 34-year-old man with a seizure and a frontal-lobe brain lesion. N Engl J Med. 2004 Oct 28; 351(18):1875-82.
    View in: PubMed
  72. Williams ZM, Neimat J, Cosgrove GR, Eskandar EN. Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery Resident Award: Responses of subthalamic neurons during visually guided movements in patients with Parkinson disease. Clin Neurosurg. 2004; 51:307-13.
    View in: PubMed
  73. Eskandar EN, Flaherty A, Cosgrove GR, Shinobu LA, Barker FG. Surgery for Parkinson disease in the United States, 1996 to 2000: practice patterns, short-term outcomes, and hospital charges in a nationwide sample. J Neurosurg. 2003 Nov; 99(5):863-71.
    View in: PubMed
  74. Prodhan P, Noviski NN, Butler WE, Eskandar E, Ellen Grant P, Whalen MJ. Orbital compartment syndrome mimicking cerebral herniation in a 12-yr-old boy with severe traumatic asphyxia. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2003 Jul; 4(3):367-9.
    View in: PubMed
  75. Kalkanis SN, Eskandar EN, Carter BS, Barker FG. Microvascular decompression surgery in the United States, 1996 to 2000: mortality rates, morbidity rates, and the effects of hospital and surgeon volumes. Neurosurgery. 2003 Jun; 52(6):1251-61; discussion 1261-2.
    View in: PubMed
  76. Williams ZM, Elfar JC, Eskandar EN, Toth LJ, Assad JA. Parietal activity and the perceived direction of ambiguous apparent motion. Nat Neurosci. 2003 Jun; 6(6):616-23.
    View in: PubMed
  77. Eskandar EN, Assad JA. Distinct nature of directional signals among parietal cortical areas during visual guidance. J Neurophysiol. 2002 Oct; 88(4):1777-90.
    View in: PubMed
  78. Eskandar EN, Borges LF, Budzik RF, Putman CM, Ogilvy CS. Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas: experience with endovascular and surgical therapy. J Neurosurg. 2002 Mar; 96(2 Suppl):162-7.
    View in: PubMed
  79. Eskandar EN, Cosgrove GR, Shinobu LA. Surgical treatment of Parkinson disease. JAMA. 2001 Dec 26; 286(24):3056-9.
    View in: PubMed
  80. Counihan TJ, Shinobu LA, Eskandar EN, Cosgrove GR, Penney JB. Outcomes following staged bilateral pallidotomy in advanced Parkinson's disease. Neurology. 2001 Mar 27; 56(6):799-802.
    View in: PubMed
  81. Eskandar EN, Shinobu LA, Penney JB, Cosgrove GR, Counihan TJ. Stereotactic pallidotomy performed without using microelectrode guidance in patients with Parkinson's disease: surgical technique and 2-year results. J Neurosurg. 2000 Mar; 92(3):375-83.
    View in: PubMed
  82. Eskandar E, Shinobu LA, Penney JB, Cosgrove GR. Non-microelectrode guided stereotactic pallidotomy for Parkinson's disease: surgical technique and results Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 1999; 72(2-4):245.
    View in: PubMed
  83. Eskandar EN, Assad JA. Dissociation of visual, motor and predictive signals in parietal cortex during visual guidance. Nat Neurosci. 1999 Jan; 2(1):88-93.
    View in: PubMed
  84. Eskandar EN, Cosgrove GR, Shinobu LA, Penney JB. The importance of accurate lesion placement in posteroventral pallidotomy. Report of two cases. J Neurosurg. 1998 Oct; 89(4):630-4.
    View in: PubMed
  85. Eskandar EN, Weller SJ, Frim DM. Hydrocephalus requiring urgent external ventricular drainage in a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis and cerebral edema: case report. Neurosurgery. 1997 Apr; 40(4):836-8; discussion 838-9.
    View in: PubMed
  86. Eskandar EN, Optican LM, Richmond BJ. Role of inferior temporal neurons in visual memory. II. Multiplying temporal waveforms related to vision and memory. J Neurophysiol. 1992 Oct; 68(4):1296-306.
    View in: PubMed
  87. Eskandar EN, Richmond BJ, Optican LM. Role of inferior temporal neurons in visual memory. I. Temporal encoding of information about visual images, recalled images, and behavioral context. J Neurophysiol. 1992 Oct; 68(4):1277-95.
    View in: PubMed
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